Study on the regulation of ε-CL-20 by an external electric field

Context

To explore the influence of the external electric field (EEF) on ε-CL-20. The molecular structure, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), global reactivity parameters (GRP), surface electrostatic potential, nitro charge, and UV–Vis spectra of ε-CL-20 under EEF were studied using density functional theory (DFT). The calculation results show that the electric field applied along N16-N24 has a significant effect on the structure of ε-CL-20. With an increase in the positive EEF, the bond length of the initiating bond decreases, and the bond order and bond dissociation energy increase, which increases the thermal stability of ε-CL-20 to a certain extent. In addition, with an increase in the positive EEF intensity, the LUMO migrates from both sides of the positive electric field to one side of the nitro group, and the HOMO migrates from the skeleton to the nitro group. It is worth noting that in the negative EEF, when the electric field strength changed from 0 to 0.016 a.u., the negative charge of the total nitro group gradually decreased. When the electric field strength becomes 0.02 a.u., the negative charge of the total nitro group suddenly increases, and ε-CL-20 is significantly polarized. When the electric field strength is sufficiently strong, the occupied and unoccupied orbitals of the ε-CL-20 molecule change, resulting in a change in the energy level difference between the occupied and unoccupied orbitals, which further excites the corresponding excited state, resulting in a new UV–Vis absorption peak.

Methods

Based on the density functional theory (DFT), the structural optimization and energy calculation were carried out by using B3LYP/6–311 + G(d, p) and B3LYP/def2-TZVPP methods, respectively. After optimization convergence, vibration analysis was performed without imaginary frequencies to obtain stable configurations. Then the molecular structure, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), global reactivity parameters (GRP), surface electrostatic potential, nitro charge, and UV–Vis spectra were analyzed.