Ivlev-Like Modal Logics of Formal Inconsistency Obtained by Fibring Swap Structures

The aim of this paper is to give the first steps towards the formal study of swap structures, which are non-deterministic matrices (Nmatrices) defined over tuples of 0–1 truth values generalizing the notion of twist structures. To do this, a precise notion of clauses which axiomatize bivaluation semantics is proposed. From this specification, a swap structure is naturally induced. This formalization allows to define the combination by fibring of two given logics described by swap structures generated by clauses in a very simple way, by gathering together the formal specifications of both swap structures. We provide simple sufficient conditions to guarantee the preservation by fibring of soundness and completeness w.r.t. Hilbert calculi naturally defined from the clauses, as well as to prove that the fibring is a conservative expansion of both logics. As application examples of this technique, the combination by fibring of some non-normal Ivlev-like modal logics with paraconsistent logics in the class of logics of formal inconsistency (LFIs) are obtained, producing so several paraconsistent modal logics, each of them decidable by a single 6-valued Nmatrix. As expected, the fibring (union) of the respective Hilbert calculi provides a sound and complete axiomatization of the combined logics. More than this, the fibring is the least conservative expansion of the given logics. This technique opens interesting perspectives for combining logics characterized by finite Nmatrices represented by swap structures.