多雄性和性食人螳螂的雄性配偶守护行为

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Hiroto Nishino, Kotaro Morimoto, Kazuki Kuroda, Yasuoki Takami
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要食人雄性由于失去了未来交配的机会而付出了巨大的健康代价,因此预计会进化出一些行为来避免或补偿这种代价。例如,部分食人的雄性可能会表现出配偶守护行为,即陪伴在雌性身边,防止雌性与其他雄性交配。在某些物种中,食人雄性会延长交配时间。然而,人们对性食人雄性交配行为的适应意义知之甚少。我们假设交配行为本身具有配偶保护功能,而食人行为引起的行为变化会增强配偶保护功能。我们用多雄性和性食人螳螂(Tenodera angustipennis)的断头作为性食人的模型来验证这些假设。我们比较了未交配处理、非食人交配处理和食人交配处理这三种实验处理中雌性与竞争雄性交配的延迟时间。交配本身延迟了雌性的再交配,揭示了其在配偶保护中的功能。被斩首的雄性通过更坚固的生殖器耦合表现出更高的保护效率,以对抗竞争雄性。此外,附着在雌性生殖器开口处的精子也延迟了雌性的再交配,揭示了其在交配后的配偶保护功能。虽然斩首导致交配时间延长,但与非食人交配相比,与竞争雄性的交配并没有延迟,这可能是因为交配后的护卫作用较弱。这些研究结果表明,被斩首的雄性在交配过程中更强的配偶保护被交配后的过程所抵消。这意味着能够避免或补偿这种健康损失的雄性可能会受到青睐。我们通过研究性食人雄性螳螂的交配后行为来探讨这种可能性。实验分析表明,与未被食人的雄螳螂相比,被食人的雄螳螂在交配过程中会更用力地抓住雌螳螂,以避免受到其他雄螳螂的干扰,并延长交配时间。食人雄性的这些行为变化有助于推迟雌性与其他雄性再交配的时间,其程度与未食人雄性相同。这表明,被性食人的雄性并不能完全补偿未来交配机会的损失。被食肉雄性通过牢固的生殖器耦合和延长交配持续时间来加强配偶保护的作用,可能会被较弱的交配后保护作用(如较短的交配塞附着时间)所抵消。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Male mate guarding in a polyandrous and sexually cannibalistic praying mantid

Male mate guarding in a polyandrous and sexually cannibalistic praying mantid

Abstract

Sexually cannibalized males incur a significant fitness cost due to the loss of future mating opportunities and are expected to evolve behaviors to avoid or compensate for such costs. For example, partially cannibalized males may exhibit mate guarding, in which they accompany the female to prevent her from mating with another male. In some species, cannibalized males prolong the duration of copulation. However, little is known about the adaptive significance of the mating behavior of sexually cannibalized males. We hypothesized that mating itself serves a mate guarding function, and that behavioral change caused by cannibalism enhances the mate guarding function. We tested these hypotheses using the polyandrous and sexually cannibalistic praying mantid Tenodera angustipennis, with decapitation as a model of sexual cannibalism. We compared latencies to female mating with a rival male among three experimental treatments: unmated treatment, noncannibalistic mating treatment, and cannibalistic mating treatment. Mating itself delayed female remating, revealing its function in mate guarding. Decapitated males exhibited a higher guarding efficiency against rival males via firmer genital coupling. In addition, spermatophore attached to the female genital opening also delayed female remating, revealing an additional function in postmating mate guarding. Although copulation was prolonged due to decapitation, mating by a rival male was not delayed compared to noncannibalistic mating, probably because of weaker postcopulatory guarding. These findings suggest that greater mate guarding by decapitated males during copulation was offset by processes after copulation.

Significance statement

Sexually cannibalized males die and lose the chance for future mating. This means that males that can avoid or compensate for this fitness loss may be favored. We examined this possibility by focusing on the postmating behavior of sexually cannibalized male mantises. Experimental analysis revealed that cannibalized males grasped the female more firmly during copulation to avoid disruption by other males, and prolonged copulation duration compared with noncannibalized males. These behavioral changes by cannibalized males contributed to delaying female remating with other males to the same extent as noncannibalized males. This suggests that sexually cannibalized males did not fully compensate for the loss of future mating opportunities. Stronger mate guarding via firm genital coupling and prolonged copulation duration in cannibalized males may be offset by weaker postcopulatory guarding such as shorter duration of copulatory plug attachment.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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