Climate trend analysis in the ramis catchment, upper wabi shebelle basin, Ethiopia, using the CMIP6 dataset

Climate change, a global concern, has significant implications for rainfall and temperature patterns. A critical knowledge gap exists in understanding these implications for the Ramis catchment of the Upper Wabi-Shebelle Basin. This research projects future rainfall and temperature patterns in the Ramis catchment of the Upper Wabe-Shebelle basin. The projection utilized a multimodel comprising eight distinct general circulation models from coupled model intercomparison phase six (CMIP6) data simulation. These models were selected based on their performance, considering two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). The Quantile Mapping (QM) bias correction technique, implemented in R, was used to enhance the reliability of extracted data. The Mann‒Kendall (MK) trend test method was employed to analyze temperature and precipitation trends for two future periods, 2030–2060 and 2061–2090, annually and seasonally. The results suggest a decrease in rainfall during the spring and Winter seasons for 2030 to 2060 and 2061 to 2090 respectively, potentially leading to water scarcity that could impact crop growth and water supply. A decreasing trend in annual rainfall was observed from 2030 to 2060 under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The study also uncovered significant and consistent warming trends in maximum and minimum temperatures across the Ramis catchment under both the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) analysis predicts a minor increase in rainfall in the Ramis catchment from 2030 to 2090 under both scenarios, with a notable RAI decrease expected in 2043–2071, indicating potential drought conditions. These findings offer critical insights for regional climate change impact assessments across the Ramis catchment.