Model-Free Fast Frequency Support of Wind Farms for Tracking Optimal Frequency Trajectory

The fast frequency support (FFS) towards frequency trajectory optimization provides a system view for the frequency regulation of wind farms (WFs). However, the existing frequency trajectory optimization-based FFS generally relies on the accurate governor dynamics model of synchronous generators (SGs), which aggrandizes the difficulty of controller implementation. In this paper, a proportional-integral (PI) based FFS of WFs is designed for tracking the optimal frequency trajectory, which gets rid of the dependence on the governor model. Firstly, the prototypical PI-based FFS of WFs is proposed and its feasibility for tracking the optimal frequency trajectory is analyzed and demonstrated. Then, based on the “frequency-RoCoF” form of the optimal frequency trajectory, a more practical PI controller is constructed, avoiding the time dependence of the prototypical PI controller. Besides, an adaptive gain associated with PI parameters is designed for multi-WF coordination. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified in both the single-WF system and the multi-WF system.