代谢活动控制着微生物悬浮液中相干流的出现

Alexandros A. Fragkopoulos, Florian Böhme, Nicole Drewes, Oliver Bäumchen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在地球上几乎所有的生态系统中,光合微生物都在复杂的微生境中进化并成功地适应了不断变化的环境条件。在无光条件下,它们可以通过有氧呼吸维持其生物功能,甚至在缺氧条件下通过厌氧代谢活动维持其生物功能。对于处于厌氧环境中的光合微生物悬浮液来说,单个细胞的运动能力直接受其光合作用活动(即叶绿素吸收入射光的强度)的控制。然而,迄今为止,光合作用对种群集体运动性的影响仍然难以捉摸。在这里,我们证明了在高光强度下,光合作用活跃的微生物悬浮液中的细胞密度会呈现稳定的反向沉降曲线,这是由于微生物逆重力运动的自然偏好所致。随着光合作用活性的降低,个体运动受到抑制,生物悬浮液变得不稳定,从而产生相干的生物对流。集体运动是完全可逆的,表现为规则的三维羽流结构,其中的流速和细胞分布直接受光照强度控制。相干流出现在缺乏光和氧气的非常不利的条件下,因此可能有助于微生物集体扩大对其自然栖息地的探索,以寻求更好的生存条件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Metabolic activity controls the emergence of coherent flows in microbial suspensions
Photosynthetic microbes have evolved and successfully adapted to the ever-changing environmental conditions in complex microhabitats throughout almost all ecosystems on Earth. In the absence of light, they can sustain their biological functionalities through aerobic respiration, and even in anoxic conditions through anaerobic metabolic activity. For a suspension of photosynthetic microbes in an anaerobic environment, individual cellular motility is directly controlled by its photosynthetic activity, i.e. the intensity of the incident light absorbed by chlorophyll. The effects of the metabolic activity on the collective motility on the population level, however, remain elusive so far. Here, we demonstrate that at high light intensities, a suspension of photosynthetically active microbes exhibits a stable reverse sedimentation profile of the cell density due to the microbes' natural bias to move against gravity. With decreasing photosynthetic activity, and therefore suppressed individual motility, the living suspension becomes unstable giving rise to coherent bioconvective flows. The collective motility is fully reversible and manifests as regular, three-dimensional plume structures, in which flow rates and cell distributions are directly controlled via the light intensity. The coherent flows emerge in the highly unfavourable condition of lacking both light and oxygen and, thus, might help the microbial collective to expand the exploration of their natural habitat in search for better survival conditions.
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