非传染性疾病风险因素感知信息领域结构分析

V. Buzin
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The following methods were used: descriptive statistics and the sociological method of questioning. Statistical data processing and reweighing were carried out in the statistical data processing package SPSS22.0. In general, the sampling error in the study does not exceed 1.99% for a confidence level of p<0.1.Results. The study showed that abstract knowledge about the harm of a particular FR in almost all FR is quite high, since it is precisely on them that the efforts of the medical community have been directed in recent decades. Moreover, the highest values are expected to have such factors as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, elevated blood sugar (glucose) and high blood pressure. The level of knowledge of the harm of FR, to which the medical community paid less attention, was expected to be lower. The lowest value is such a FR as a low iodine content in salt, which is consumed in food. An assessment of the relationship of variables such as abstract knowledge of harm about FR and understanding of their harm to one’s body using a two-way T-criterion showed that these variables are completely independent of each other at the significance level p<0.001. This result made us look more closely at the factor structure of the studied field of reality and put forward the assumption of independence of knowledge about the harm caused to the human body by FR and behavioral patterns in relation to FR. As a result of factor analysis of 73 variables, 9 factors were identified: the first and most powerful factor (10.33%) – knowledge of the effect of FR on one’s own health; the second most powerful factor (8.71%) – knowledge of the harm of FR; the third highlighted factor (5.46%) – trust in information sources, which included both trust in the media and trust in TV presenters, popular personalities and trust in the leaders of the region and the city; the fourth highlighted factor (4.67%) is the gender characteristics of the control of the FR by the population; the fifth highlighted factor (4.59%) is the sources of information about the FR; the sixth highlighted factor (4.30%) – age–related features of FR control; the seventh highlighted factor (3.32%) – the use of gadgets to control FR and exercise; the eighth highlighted factor (3.00%) – trust in health workers as a source of information; the ninth highlighted factor (2.59%) – smoking and alcohol consumption.Conclusion. The assessment of the effect of FR on the respondents’ own health in the framework of the conducted study turned out to be significantly lower than abstract knowledge about the harmful effects of these FR. The analysis of the factor structure of the studied field confirmed the validity of such a division of knowledge based on ideas about its various forms – «knowledge in itself» and «knowledge for oneself». The analysis made it possible to formulate a number of conditions for improving the effectiveness of preventive work with the population, including to increase the impact of population prevention: it is necessary to more actively involve the most important sources for the population – medical workers, scientific medical workers and health managers; more fully take into account the gender and age characteristics of audiences in preventive measures; the use of mass media should be preceded by an analysis of the level of trust in them from the target audience; the information messages themselves must first be checked for memorability. Preventive measures should change the personal meanings of specific people in relation to FR and HLS, and not be limited to stating general knowledge about them. The study also allows us to determine the directions for further research of the population’s attitude to the FR and their own health as an interdisciplinary task with the necessary involvement of specialists in medical and general psychology, personality psychology and motivation psychology, as well as sociologists.","PeriodicalId":507323,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Analysis of the structure of the information field of perception of risk factors for non-communicable diseases\",\"authors\":\"V. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

在研究居民对挽救自身健康的态度时,人们对风险因素对健康造成危害的抽象认识与对这些因素对自身健康造成危害的真正理解之间的联系问题仍然知之甚少。分析材料是在俄罗斯联邦三个试点地区--图拉州、斯塔夫罗波尔边疆区和克里米亚共和国--进行的社会学调查的结果。调查问卷包括 33 个有关风险因素及其对人体影响的问题,以及一组有关医疗信息来源及其信任度的问题。样本容量为 1 718 名受访者。采用了以下方法:描述性统计和社会学提问法。统计数据的处理和再权衡在统计数据处理软件包 SPSS22.0 中进行。一般来说,在置信度为 p<0.1 的情况下,本研究的抽样误差不超过 1.99%。研究结果表明,几乎所有联邦登记处对特定联邦登记处危害的抽象认识都相当高,因为近几十年来医学界的努力正是针对这些联邦登记处。此外,烟草使用、饮酒、血糖(葡萄糖)升高和高血压等因素的预期值最高。而医学界关注较少的对 FR 危害的认识水平预计较低。最低值是食盐中碘含量低这样的 FR。使用双向 T 标准对有关食品污染物危害的抽象知识和对其对人体危害的理解等变量之间的关系进行的评估表明,这些变量之间是完全独立的,显著性水平为 p<0.001。这一结果使我们对所研究的现实领域的因子结构有了更深入的了解,并提出了关于 "FR 对人体危害的认识 "和 "与 FR 有关的行为模式 "具有独立性的假设。在对 73 个变量进行因子分析后,确定了 9 个因子:第一个也是最有力的因子(10.33%)--对阻燃剂对自身健康影响的了解;第二个最有力的因子(8.71%)--对阻燃剂危害的了解;第三个突出因子(5.46%)--对信息来源的信任,包括对媒体的信任和对电视主持人、名人的信任,以及对地区和城市领导的信任;第四个突出因子(4.67%)--居民的性别特征。第六个突出因素(4.30%)--与年龄有关的 FR 控制特征;第七个突出因素(3.32%)--使用小工具控制 FR 和锻炼;第八个突出因素(3.00%)--对作为信息来源的卫生工作者的信任;第九个突出因素(2.59%)--吸烟和饮酒。在本次研究框架内,受访者对阻燃剂对自身健康影响的评估结果明显低于对这些阻燃剂有害影响的抽象认识。对所研究领域的因素结构进行的分析表明,根据 "本身的知识 "和 "为自己的知识 "这 两种知识形式对知识进行划分是正确的。通过分析,可以提出一些提高人口预防工作有效性的条件,包括扩大人口预防的影响: 必须更积极地让最重要的人口来源--医务工作者、科学医务工作者和卫生管理人员--参 与进来;在预防措施中更充分地考虑受众的性别和年龄特征;在使用大众媒体之前,应分析目 标受众对大众媒体的信任程度;必须首先检查信息本身是否易记。预防措施应改变特定人群对 FR 和 HLS 的个人理解,而不仅仅局限于对它们的一般认识。这项研究还让我们确定了进一步研究民众对联邦登记处及其自身健康的态度的方向,这是一项跨学科的任务,需要医学和普通心理学、人格心理学和动机心理学专家以及社会学家的参与。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Analysis of the structure of the information field of perception of risk factors for non-communicable diseases
When studying the attitude of the population to saving their own health, the question of the connection between abstract knowledge about the harm caused to health by risk factors and a real understanding of the harm caused by these factors to their own health remains poorly understood.The purpose of this work is to analyze the structure of the information field of the population’s attitude to the impact of FR on health.Materials and methods. The material for the analysis was the results of a sociological survey in three pilot regions of the Russian Federation – Tula Region, Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Crimea. The questionnaire consisted of 33 questions concerning risk factors and their impact on the human body and a block of questions concerning sources of medical information and trust in them. The sample size was 1,718 respondents. The following methods were used: descriptive statistics and the sociological method of questioning. Statistical data processing and reweighing were carried out in the statistical data processing package SPSS22.0. In general, the sampling error in the study does not exceed 1.99% for a confidence level of p<0.1.Results. The study showed that abstract knowledge about the harm of a particular FR in almost all FR is quite high, since it is precisely on them that the efforts of the medical community have been directed in recent decades. Moreover, the highest values are expected to have such factors as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, elevated blood sugar (glucose) and high blood pressure. The level of knowledge of the harm of FR, to which the medical community paid less attention, was expected to be lower. The lowest value is such a FR as a low iodine content in salt, which is consumed in food. An assessment of the relationship of variables such as abstract knowledge of harm about FR and understanding of their harm to one’s body using a two-way T-criterion showed that these variables are completely independent of each other at the significance level p<0.001. This result made us look more closely at the factor structure of the studied field of reality and put forward the assumption of independence of knowledge about the harm caused to the human body by FR and behavioral patterns in relation to FR. As a result of factor analysis of 73 variables, 9 factors were identified: the first and most powerful factor (10.33%) – knowledge of the effect of FR on one’s own health; the second most powerful factor (8.71%) – knowledge of the harm of FR; the third highlighted factor (5.46%) – trust in information sources, which included both trust in the media and trust in TV presenters, popular personalities and trust in the leaders of the region and the city; the fourth highlighted factor (4.67%) is the gender characteristics of the control of the FR by the population; the fifth highlighted factor (4.59%) is the sources of information about the FR; the sixth highlighted factor (4.30%) – age–related features of FR control; the seventh highlighted factor (3.32%) – the use of gadgets to control FR and exercise; the eighth highlighted factor (3.00%) – trust in health workers as a source of information; the ninth highlighted factor (2.59%) – smoking and alcohol consumption.Conclusion. The assessment of the effect of FR on the respondents’ own health in the framework of the conducted study turned out to be significantly lower than abstract knowledge about the harmful effects of these FR. The analysis of the factor structure of the studied field confirmed the validity of such a division of knowledge based on ideas about its various forms – «knowledge in itself» and «knowledge for oneself». The analysis made it possible to formulate a number of conditions for improving the effectiveness of preventive work with the population, including to increase the impact of population prevention: it is necessary to more actively involve the most important sources for the population – medical workers, scientific medical workers and health managers; more fully take into account the gender and age characteristics of audiences in preventive measures; the use of mass media should be preceded by an analysis of the level of trust in them from the target audience; the information messages themselves must first be checked for memorability. Preventive measures should change the personal meanings of specific people in relation to FR and HLS, and not be limited to stating general knowledge about them. The study also allows us to determine the directions for further research of the population’s attitude to the FR and their own health as an interdisciplinary task with the necessary involvement of specialists in medical and general psychology, personality psychology and motivation psychology, as well as sociologists.
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