Geochemistry and fluid inclusion study of the Jbel Tirremi fluorite-baryte deposit, Morocco: New insights into the genetic model in relation to Mesozoic tectonics

The highly fractured Jurassic carbonates at Jbel Tirremi in northeastern Morocco host fluorite-baryte deposit. The mineralization occurs both as stratabound in marl-limestone contact and as fault-hosted veins (N-S- and NNW-SSE). The mineral paragenesis consists of two fluorite and baryte generations and calcite with subordinate amounts of quartz, dolomite, traces of sulfides (chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena), and oxidized minerals. Fluid inclusion data reveal that hot moderately saline fluids derived from the Paleozoic basement mixed with Triassic brines and cooler, meteoric waters. The REY inventory, C-O-S-Pb-Sr-Nd isotope, and crush-leach data point to the Paleozoic basement as the primary source of metals with a contribution from the Triassic red beds. The refined ore genetic model developed in this study from our new geological and geochemical data includes the downward movement of Triassic-Jurassic evaporated seawaters along normal faults, followed by the leaching of metals from Paleozoic and Triassic rocks, and the subsequent upward flow of these metalliferous fluids. During the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene basin inversion, the deep-seated ore-forming fluids migrated upward, which eventually mixed with Triassic brines and cooler meteoric waters. This fluid mixing caused the precipitation of multiple generations of fluorite and baryte.