Dynamic interaction in sustainable energy: Learning from South Sumatra in transforming conflict into collaboration to accelerate energy mix targets

Energy transition is an alternative solution that emerged as an effort to achieve zero net emissions. The countries that signed the Paris Agreement are expected to reach their targets by 2030. Indonesia targets this agreement by performing the energy mix set at 25% nationally. Many provinces have difficulties achieving its implementation due to conflicts between related stakeholders, including industry. However, some provinces have shown promising transition changes with accelerated target achievement. This research aims to identify how the government of South Sumatra can reach beyond the National Target by turning the conflict into a collaboration between government and industry. The collaboration impacts accelerating the achievement of the energy mix target. A multi-layered approach was used to analyze the dynamics of the energy transition by demonstrating the energy transition process in Indonesia using Actor Interaction analysis, Dilemma analysis, and System Analysis. Therefore, the bottom-up approach chosen, systematically uncovering actor interactions within and across systems. Interviews were carried out for data collection. The results of the interviews were identified until a series of methods emerged that were used to identify the collaboration that occurred. The analysis found that local governments encounter dilemmatic situations to balance a smooth energy transition process and ensure stable socioeconomic conditions. The system dynamic simulation has proven to be a vital addition to Drama Theory and Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, offering a temporal perspective that is fundamental for the decision-making process that concerns the ever-changing environmental situation.