Prevalence, severity, and risk factors of eczema among young children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A national cross-sectional study, 2019

Background

Eczema is a common inflammatory skin disease with a significant global health burden. Eczema has a significant impact on quality of life.

Objective

We aimed to estimate the prevalence, severity, and risk factors associated with eczema among schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

The standardized Global Asthma Network questionnaires and methodology were used to conduct a nationwide cross-sectional study across 20 regions in Saudi Arabia between March and April 2019. Data were collected from 137 primary schools and 140 intermediate schools by using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method.

Results

The study included 3614 young children aged 6 to 7 years and 4068 adolescents aged 13 to 14 years. Current eczema was prevalent among 4.5% of the children and 5.1% of the adolescents. Severe eczema was reported in 0.8% and 0.9% of the young children and adolescents, respectively. Several factors showed significant association with eczema. Among the children, eczema was linked positively to having a history of chest infections and wheezing in early life, as well as to ever attending day care and current exposure to cats. Among the adolescents, the main potential risk factors included paracetamol use in the previous year, adherence to a lifestyle of vigorous physical activity, and current exposure to cats. Conversely, high consumption of nuts was found to be negatively associated with eczema.

Conclusion

The prevalence of eczema in schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia is lower than the global average but within the average range for the Eastern Mediterranean region. Further studies in Saudi Arabia should be conducted to identify variation among different regions.