“Comparative Study on the Effect of Nano- hydroxyapatite and Theobromine on Healing of Extraction Socket in Albino Rats (Histological and Immuno-Histochemical Study)’’

Background: Dental extraction is one of the most widely performed dental procedures. Socket healing involves tissue repair and regeneration. Different types of materials are used to aid and fasten the healing process such as nano-hydroxy appetite. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the healing potential and potencies for new bone formation of nano-hydroxyapatite crystals and theobromine powder in the healing of extraction Socket in Male Albino rats. Methods: Thirty-eight male Albino rats were used this experiment. Lower left first molar was extracted from each rat. The rats were equally divided into three groups. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (After one week and after two weeks) from receiving the treatment. control group which didn’t receive any treatment, n-HA group which received –HA and theobromine group which received theobromine. Samples were stained with H&E, Masson trichrome and Beta-catenin then assessed under light microscope. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to analyze data. Results: H&E section showed that theobromine group has more potential in inducing new bone formation than n-HA group.Masson trichrome stain: reveled that theobromine group induced mature bone formation compared to n-HA group.Beta-Catenin stain: All groups showed negative reactions except theobromine group 3B and n-HA group 2B. Conclusions: Nanohydroxy apatite crystals and theobromine enhance the socket healing, theobromine has superior effect compared with the nanohydroxy apatite. the effect of the treatment material is more obvious in the second week of socket healing.