COVID-19 大流行期间美国妇女在怀孕期间的性别种族主义和压力

Emily Rehbein, Amanda Levinson, H. Preis, Brittain L. Mahaffey, M. Lobel
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要:在怀孕期间经历的高压力会增加不良出生结果的风险,如低出生体重和早产,而这些情况在美国的有色人种妇女中发生得尤为严重。先前的研究发现了一种独特形式的歧视,即妊娠期性别种族主义(GRiP),它可能会增加压力,并被怀疑是造成美国妇女出生结果种族差异的原因。在 COVID-19 大流行的高峰期,我们调查了美国 2995 名孕妇的 GRiP 经历和痛苦与两类压力(与妊娠有关的压力和与大流行有关的压力)之间的关联,当时医疗保健限制、社会接触限制以及对 COVID-19 感染的担忧给孕妇带来了额外的压力。利用在美国第二次大流行高峰期(2020 年 12 月)在线收集的数据,我们发现与非西班牙裔/拉丁裔白人妇女相比,自我认同为西班牙裔/拉丁裔(n = 233)、非西班牙裔/拉丁裔黑人/非洲裔美国人(n = 182)和多种族/其他(n = 201)的孕妇经历了更大的 GRiP 和更大的两类压力。结构方程建模表明,种族/民族身份与产前压力有密切联系,这种联系是由 GRiP 介导的,与产前压力的其他因素无关。关注性别化种族主义的有害影响,同时采取有文化背景的个人干预措施,并在多个社会层面和机构进行变革,可能有助于减少美国有色人种群体中普遍存在的较差生育结果。解决和减轻歧视可以改善全世界所有选择生育的人的生殖正义,无论他们的种族、民族、国籍或其他身份如何。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gendered Racism in Pregnancy and Stress Among Women in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract: High stress experienced during pregnancy increases risk for adverse birth outcomes such as low birthweight and preterm birth that occur disproportionately among women of color in the United States. Prior research has identified a distinct form of discrimination, gendered racism in pregnancy (GRiP), that likely elevates stress and is suspected to contribute to racial disparities in birth outcomes among American women. We investigated associations of GRiP experiences and distress with two types of stress, pregnancy related and pandemic related, among 2,995 pregnant women in the United States at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, a time when health care restrictions, social contact limitations, and concerns about COVID-19 infection created added stress for pregnant women. Using data collected online during the second US pandemic surge (December 2020), we found that pregnant self-identified Hispanic/Latina ( n = 233), Non-Hispanic/Latina Black/African American ( n = 182), and Multiracial/Other ( n = 201) women experienced greater GRiP and greater stress of both types than Non-Hispanic/Latina White women. Structural equation modeling indicated a strong association of racial/ethnic identity with prenatal stress that was mediated by GRiP, independent of other contributors to prenatal stress. Focusing on the harmful impact of gendered racism coupled with culturally informed individual interventions and change at multiple societal levels and institutions may help reduce the poorer reproductive outcomes that are disproportionately common among communities of color in the United States. Addressing and alleviating discrimination can improve reproductive justice for all who choose to give birth throughout the world, regardless of their race, ethnicity, nationality, or other identities.
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