Lucas A. Berenbrok, Nico Chieffo, Audrey Leong, Emily Stuck, Mark DeRuiter, Elaine Mormer
{"title":"宾夕法尼亚州药剂师与听力专业人员之间的跨专业合作机会:描述性地理信息系统研究","authors":"Lucas A. Berenbrok, Nico Chieffo, Audrey Leong, Emily Stuck, Mark DeRuiter, Elaine Mormer","doi":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100012","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In 2022, the Food and Drug Administration finalized regulations for over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids, available without professional hearing services and without a prescription. As a result, community pharmacies now serve as locations where adults seek self-care solutions for hearing loss such as OTC hearing aids.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We conducted a geographic information systems (GIS) analysis to identify Pennsylvania counties served by community pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries, the practice locations of hearing professionals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We obtained addresses of Pennsylvania pharmacies from the National Council for Prescription Drug Programs. Hearing aid dispensaries were obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Health. GIS software was used to plot locations of pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries. The number of pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries was visualized on a Pennsylvania map, by county. Mean straight-line distances, in miles, from a hearing aid dispensary to its nearest pharmacy in any county and vice versa were calculated. This analysis was performed in early 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In Pennsylvania, there were more community pharmacies (2769) than hearing aid dispensaries (945). All 67 Pennsylvania counties had more pharmacies than hearing aid dispensaries. Pharmacies outnumbered hearing aid dispensaries by 1 in some rural counties to 382 in urban Philadelphia County. The mean straight-line distance from a hearing aid dispensary, starting point, to the nearest pharmacy, end point, was 0.63 miles. The mean straight-line distance from a pharmacy, starting point, to the nearest hearing aid dispensary, end point, was 3.24 miles.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This GIS analysis supports the participation of pharmacists in initiatives such as OTC hearing aids that increase population access to hearing care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100737,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949969024000058/pdfft?md5=50d3718ffdbdd026c9009464a8f39be9&pid=1-s2.0-S2949969024000058-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Opportunities for interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and hearing professionals in Pennsylvania: A descriptive geographic information system study\",\"authors\":\"Lucas A. Berenbrok, Nico Chieffo, Audrey Leong, Emily Stuck, Mark DeRuiter, Elaine Mormer\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100012\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In 2022, the Food and Drug Administration finalized regulations for over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids, available without professional hearing services and without a prescription. As a result, community pharmacies now serve as locations where adults seek self-care solutions for hearing loss such as OTC hearing aids.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We conducted a geographic information systems (GIS) analysis to identify Pennsylvania counties served by community pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries, the practice locations of hearing professionals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We obtained addresses of Pennsylvania pharmacies from the National Council for Prescription Drug Programs. Hearing aid dispensaries were obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Health. GIS software was used to plot locations of pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries. The number of pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries was visualized on a Pennsylvania map, by county. Mean straight-line distances, in miles, from a hearing aid dispensary to its nearest pharmacy in any county and vice versa were calculated. This analysis was performed in early 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In Pennsylvania, there were more community pharmacies (2769) than hearing aid dispensaries (945). All 67 Pennsylvania counties had more pharmacies than hearing aid dispensaries. Pharmacies outnumbered hearing aid dispensaries by 1 in some rural counties to 382 in urban Philadelphia County. The mean straight-line distance from a hearing aid dispensary, starting point, to the nearest pharmacy, end point, was 0.63 miles. The mean straight-line distance from a pharmacy, starting point, to the nearest hearing aid dispensary, end point, was 3.24 miles.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This GIS analysis supports the participation of pharmacists in initiatives such as OTC hearing aids that increase population access to hearing care.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":100737,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"JAPhA Practice Innovations\",\"volume\":\"1 3\",\"pages\":\"Article 100012\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949969024000058/pdfft?md5=50d3718ffdbdd026c9009464a8f39be9&pid=1-s2.0-S2949969024000058-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"JAPhA Practice Innovations\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949969024000058\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949969024000058","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Opportunities for interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and hearing professionals in Pennsylvania: A descriptive geographic information system study
Background
In 2022, the Food and Drug Administration finalized regulations for over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids, available without professional hearing services and without a prescription. As a result, community pharmacies now serve as locations where adults seek self-care solutions for hearing loss such as OTC hearing aids.
Objectives
We conducted a geographic information systems (GIS) analysis to identify Pennsylvania counties served by community pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries, the practice locations of hearing professionals.
Methods
We obtained addresses of Pennsylvania pharmacies from the National Council for Prescription Drug Programs. Hearing aid dispensaries were obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Health. GIS software was used to plot locations of pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries. The number of pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries was visualized on a Pennsylvania map, by county. Mean straight-line distances, in miles, from a hearing aid dispensary to its nearest pharmacy in any county and vice versa were calculated. This analysis was performed in early 2022.
Results
In Pennsylvania, there were more community pharmacies (2769) than hearing aid dispensaries (945). All 67 Pennsylvania counties had more pharmacies than hearing aid dispensaries. Pharmacies outnumbered hearing aid dispensaries by 1 in some rural counties to 382 in urban Philadelphia County. The mean straight-line distance from a hearing aid dispensary, starting point, to the nearest pharmacy, end point, was 0.63 miles. The mean straight-line distance from a pharmacy, starting point, to the nearest hearing aid dispensary, end point, was 3.24 miles.
Conclusion
This GIS analysis supports the participation of pharmacists in initiatives such as OTC hearing aids that increase population access to hearing care.