Understanding Contraceptive Utilisation Patterns in Kerala: Insights from NFHS-5

Background: In the past decade, Kerala has witnessed an increase in the number of sexually transmitted diseases and unmet family planning needs. This study examines the knowledge of modern contraceptives, their use, and the current use of modern Keralite contraceptives against selected indicators. Methodology: The dataset from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey was used for this study (N=10969). To analyse the factors associated with and affecting knowledge and use of contraceptives (current use of modern and ever use of any), chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used. Results: Wealth, age, and education level were positively associated with knowledge of modern contraceptives, whereas tribals were less aware than other castes. Wealthier, older, and less educated individuals had higher odds of using any/modern contraceptives than poor, younger, and higher educated individuals (odds<1). Muslims are likely to use contraceptives but are less likely to use modern methods than other religions (odds ratio: 1.67 and 0.78). Tribals had higher odds of using contraceptives (odds: 2.13). Urban respondents had lower odds of using modern contraceptives than rural respondents (odds: 0.751). Conclusions: The higher odds of older, less-educated respondents using sterilisation over reversible contraceptives are likely due to social insecurities and misconceptions. Awareness and promotion of contraceptive use at the government level would help boost its use.