Finite-time dynamics of the fractional-order epidemic model: Stability, synchronization, and simulations

The aim of this paper is to explore finite-time synchronization in a specific subset of fractional-order epidemic reaction–diffusion systems. Initially, we introduce a new lemma for finite-time stability, which extends existing criteria and builds upon previous discoveries. Following this, we design effective state-dependent linear controllers. By utilizing a Lyapunov function, we derive new sufficient conditions to ensure finite-time synchronization within a predefined time frame. Lastly, we present numerical simulations to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed technique.