{"title":"电池电动重型卡车热管理系统","authors":"Daniel Gajowski, Wolfgang Wenzel, Matthias Hütter","doi":"10.4271/2024-01-2971","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"On the path to decarbonizing road transport, electric commercial vehicles will play a significant role. The first applications were directed to the smaller trucks for distribution traffic with relatively moderate driving and range requirements. Meanwhile, the first generation of a complete portfolio of truck sizes has been developed and is available on the market. In these early applications, many compromises were made to overcome component availability, but today, the supply chain has evolved to address the specific needs of electric trucks. With that, optimization toward higher performance and lower costs is moving to the next level. For long-haul trucks, efficiency is a driving factor for the total cost of ownership (TCO) due to the importance of the energy costs [1]. Besides the propulsion system, other related systems must be optimized for higher efficiency. This includes thermal management since the thermal management components consume energy and have a direct impact on the driving range. The main function of thermal management is to protect the components to ensure a long lifetime, especially in the case of the battery. The driver's comfort is another important purpose of the thermal management system (TMS). In the present study, the design development of the TMS layout for an electric heavy-duty (HD) truck is described. The modeled TMS is challenged under different operation conditions, including demanding drive cycles as well as fast charging events. The results are analyzed in terms of energy flows and the usage of the different components of the thermal system. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
在道路运输去碳化的道路上,电动商用车将发挥重要作用。首批应用主要针对对行驶和续航能力要求相对较低的小型配送卡车。与此同时,第一代完整的卡车尺寸组合已经开发完成并投放市场。在这些早期应用中,为了克服零部件供应问题,我们做出了许多妥协,但如今,供应链已经发展到可以满足电动卡车的特殊需求。因此,为实现更高性能和更低成本而进行的优化正迈向新的台阶。对于长途运输卡车来说,由于能源成本的重要性,效率是总拥有成本(TCO)的驱动因素[1]。除推进系统外,还必须优化其他相关系统,以提高效率。这包括热管理,因为热管理组件消耗能源并直接影响行驶里程。热管理的主要功能是保护部件,以确保较长的使用寿命,尤其是电池。驾驶员的舒适度是热管理系统(TMS)的另一个重要目的。本研究介绍了电动重型(HD)卡车 TMS 布局的设计开发。在不同的运行条件下,包括苛刻的驱动循环和快速充电事件,对模型 TMS 提出了挑战。从能量流和热力系统不同组件的使用方面对结果进行了分析。根据这些结果,得出了如何确定组件尺寸以满足电动 HD 卡车应用要求的结论。
Thermal Management System for Battery Electric Heavy-Duty Trucks
On the path to decarbonizing road transport, electric commercial vehicles will play a significant role. The first applications were directed to the smaller trucks for distribution traffic with relatively moderate driving and range requirements. Meanwhile, the first generation of a complete portfolio of truck sizes has been developed and is available on the market. In these early applications, many compromises were made to overcome component availability, but today, the supply chain has evolved to address the specific needs of electric trucks. With that, optimization toward higher performance and lower costs is moving to the next level. For long-haul trucks, efficiency is a driving factor for the total cost of ownership (TCO) due to the importance of the energy costs [1]. Besides the propulsion system, other related systems must be optimized for higher efficiency. This includes thermal management since the thermal management components consume energy and have a direct impact on the driving range. The main function of thermal management is to protect the components to ensure a long lifetime, especially in the case of the battery. The driver's comfort is another important purpose of the thermal management system (TMS). In the present study, the design development of the TMS layout for an electric heavy-duty (HD) truck is described. The modeled TMS is challenged under different operation conditions, including demanding drive cycles as well as fast charging events. The results are analyzed in terms of energy flows and the usage of the different components of the thermal system. From those results, conclusions are derived for the sizing of components to meet the requirements of electric HD truck applications.