评估激素避孕方法的使用情况,以及对一组有心脏病症状和疾病的妇女的认识

Hülya Tosun, M. Ayvaz
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摘要

背景/目的:荷尔蒙避孕药具有一定的风险,尤其是对患有心脏病和糖尿病等慢性疾病的女性而言。大量基础科学、动物和人体研究表明,与避孕激素(雌激素和孕激素)相关的静脉血栓栓塞、高血压、心肌梗死和缺血性中风的风险持续升高。根据指南,35 岁及以上考虑使用激素避孕药的女性应进行血管疾病和心血管风险因素评估。然而,这方面的研究还不够多。本研究旨在评估激素避孕方法的使用情况,以及在心脏病学门诊就诊的有心脏病症状和疾病的妇女的知识水平:方法:对年龄在 18 岁至 45 岁之间、患有心脏病(已在心脏病综合门诊部确诊或正在接受治疗)的女性进行了一项描述性横断面研究。数据是通过使用社会人口特征表和结构化避孕知识水平表进行面对面访谈收集的。研究样本包括 2019 年 10 月至 2020 年 1 月期间在伊斯坦布尔一家国立医院心脏病综合门诊就诊的 190 名妇女:在参与者中,24.8%的人使用激素避孕药,15.8%的人表示在使用过程中遇到问题,最常见的问题是经常头痛(53.3%)和缺铁(30%)。研究显示,7.9%的参与者患有心血管疾病,52.1%的参与者有心悸和心跳加快等心脏病症状。共有 24.7% 的人接受过计划生育咨询,59.6% 的人认为咨询影响了他们的避孕选择。接受过咨询的人对患有心脏病的妇女服用纯黄体酮避孕药的安全性有更多的了解:结论:患有心血管疾病的妇女应充分了解激素避孕药的相关风险。这项研究强调了由心脏科和产科诊所的护士提供咨询服务,引导妇女选择更安全的避孕方法的重要性。持续的监测和教育对于确保妇女的健康和避孕选择的安全性至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluation of the use of hormonal contraceptive methods and awareness of a group of women with cardiological symptoms and diseases
Background/Aim: Hormonal contraceptives can carry risks, particularly for women with chronic conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. A wide range of basic science, animal, and human studies indicate an enduringly heightened risk of venous thromboembolism, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke associated with birth control hormones (estrogen and progestogen). According to the guidelines, women aged 35 and over considering hormonal contraceptives should be evaluated for vascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors. However, the number of studies on this subject is insufficient. This study aimed to assess the use of hormonal contraceptive methods and the knowledge levels of women with cardiological symptoms and diseases attending a cardiology outpatient clinic. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with cardiological problems (diagnosed or being treated at the Cardiology Polyclinic) of women between the ages of 18 and 45. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Form and the Structured Contraception Knowledge Level Form. The study sample consisted of 190 women visiting a state hospital’s Cardiology Polyclinic in Istanbul between October 2019 and January 2020. Results: Among the participants, 24.8% used hormonal contraceptives, and 15.8% reported facing problems while using them, most commonly experiencing constant headaches (53.3%) and iron deficiency (30%). The study revealed that 7.9% of the participants had cardiovascular disease, with 52.1% experiencing cardiological symptoms, such as palpitations and rapid heartbeat. A total of 24.7% had received family planning counseling, and 59.6% believed that counseling influenced their contraceptive choices. Those who received counseling showed greater knowledge regarding the safety of progesterone-only birth control pills for women with heart disease. Conclusion: Women with cardiovascular disease should be well informed about the risks associated with hormonal contraceptives. The study emphasizes the importance of counseling services provided by nurses in cardiology and obstetrics clinics to guide women toward safer contraceptive options. Continuous monitoring and education are essential to ensure women’s health and safety in contraceptive choices.
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