电动汽车使用欧洲组合充电系统进行直流充电时的电磁兼容性评估

Inti Runa Supa Stölben, M. Beltle, Stefan Tenbohlen
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摘要

正在进行的能源转型将对未来的交通产生深远影响,其中电气化将发挥关键作用。电池电动汽车(EV)是主流技术,依靠将电网中的交流电(AC)转换为直流电(DC)来为牵引电池充电。这一过程涉及整流器和直流/直流转换器等电力电子元件,工作频率高达千赫。快速开关对减少损耗和提高效率至关重要,但也可能产生电磁干扰(EMI)。因此,电磁兼容性(EMC)测试对于确保系统可靠运行和满足国际标准至关重要。在直流充电过程中,交流/直流转换是在充电站外进行的,因此冷却效果更好,组件也更大,从而提高了功率传输,目前最高可达 350 千瓦。IEC 61851-21-2 中概述了这种充电方法的 EMC 要求。本文介绍了支持该标准的可能测试设置。此外,本文还强调不仅需要在受控实验室进行测量,还需要在特定环境下的真实充电站进行测量。因此,本文介绍并验证了一种移动测试装置。它可以使用欧洲标准插头 CCS-2(组合充电系统 2)连接到任何公共直流充电站。此外,新兴的车辆到电网(V2G)概念正日益受到重视。其目的是利用电动汽车作为移动储能,实现电网优化和稳定。拟议的测试装置还可以将这些运行状态纳入传导干扰排放的考虑范围。随着向电动交通过渡的推进,这些研究有助于确保电动汽车无缝集成到不断变化的能源环境中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Electromagnetic Compatibility Assessment of Electric Vehicles during DC-Charging with European Combined Charging System
The ongoing energy transition will have a profound impact on future mobility, with electrification playing a key role. Battery electric vehicles (EVs) are the dominant technology, relying on the conversion of alternating current (AC) from the grid to direct current (DC) to charge the traction battery. This process involves power electronic components such as rectifiers and DC/DC converters operating at high switching frequencies in the kHz range. Fast switching is essential to minimise losses and improve efficiency, but it might also generate electro-magnetic interferences (EMI). Hence, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing is essential to ensure reliable system operations and to meet international standards. During DC charging, the AC/DC conversion takes place off-board in the charging station, allowing for better cooling and larger components, resulting in increased power transfer, currently up to 350 kW. The EMC requirements for this charging method are outlined in IEC 61851-21-2. This paper presents possible test setups supporting the standard. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for measurements not only in controlled laboratories, but also at real charging stations within their specific environments. Therefore, a mobile test setup is introduced and validated. It can be connected to any public DC charging station using a European standard plug CCS-2 (Combined Charging System 2). In addition, the emerging concept of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) is gaining prominence. The objective is to leverage electric vehicles as mobile energy storage for grid optimization and stabilization. The proposed test setup also allows to take these operating states into account concerning conducted interference emissions. As the transition to electric mobility progresses, these investigations contribute ensuring the seamless integration of EVs into the evolving energy landscape.
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