类城市环境中最后一英里自主配送车辆的运行时安全保障

I. Aslam, Adina Aniculaesei, Abhishek Buragohain, Meng Zhang, Daniel Bamal, Andreas Rausch
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引用次数: 0

摘要

传统的 "最后一英里 "物流配送过程往往会给道路使用者带来安全问题和严重的环境污染。送货司机必须频繁停车,寻找方便的停车位,有时还要在狭窄的街道上穿行,造成交通拥堵,并可能给自我车辆和其他交通参与者带来安全问题。这一过程不仅耗时,而且影响环境,特别是在低排放区,车辆长时间空转会导致空气污染和高昂的运营成本。为了克服这些挑战,我们需要一个可靠的系统,它不仅能确保灵活、安全、顺畅地运送货物,还能降低成本,实现运送目标。在 "最后一英里 "配送的动态环境中,欧盟项目 LogiSmile 通过自主枢纽车(AHV)和自主配送设备(ADD)之间的创新合作,为城市配送挑战提供了解决方案。这项工作不仅解决了这些挑战,还让人们对未来的最后一英里配送更安全、更高效、更亲近自然有了更深入的了解。作为该项目的一部分,我们为自动驾驶汽车开发了一个集成安全系统架构,其中包括一个用于车载监控单辆自动驾驶汽车的可靠性控制中心(DC)和一个用于车外监控自动驾驶汽车车队的远程指挥控制中心(CCC)。AHV 在 SAE 3/4 级(SAE L3/4)下运行,集成了安全驾驶员和监控系统,确保符合 SAE 准则。在自动驾驶系统(ADS)出现安全违规时,DC 可实现向降级/故障安全驾驶模式的安全转换,从而优化车辆的运行安全。此外,CCC 还可通过实时传感器流对车队进行冗余监控,从而增强自主性,同时还可促进与 ADD 的通信,并根据当前的道路情况重新配置驾驶模式。该项目成果于 2022 年在汉堡成功演示,展示了所开发的安全架构的实际实施情况和获得的启示。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Runtime Safety Assurance of Autonomous Last-Mile Delivery Vehicles in Urban-like Environment
The conventional process of last-mile delivery logistics often leads to safety problems for road users and a high level of environmental pollution. Delivery drivers must deal with frequent stops, search for a convenient parking spot and sometimes navigate through the narrow streets causing traffic congestion and possibly safety issues for the ego vehicle as well as for other traffic participants. This process is not only time consuming but also environmentally impactful, especially in low-emission zones where prolonged vehicle idling can lead to air pollution and to high operational costs. To overcome these challenges, a reliable system is required that not only ensures the flexible, safe and smooth delivery of goods but also cuts the costs and meets the delivery target. In the dynamic landscape of last-mile delivery, LogiSmile, an EU project, introduced a solution to urban delivery challenges through an innovative cooperation between an Autonomous Hub Vehicle (AHV) and an Autonomous Delivery Device (ADD). This work addresses not only these challenges but also provides insight into a future where last-mile delivery is safer, more efficient and nature friendly. As a part of this project, an integrated safety system architecture has been developed for the AHV, featuring a dependability cage (DC) for onboard monitoring of a single autonomous vehicle and a remote command control center (CCC) for offboard monitoring of a fleet of autonomous vehicles. Operating at SAE levels 3/4 (SAE L3/4), the AHV incorporates a safety driver and a monitoring system, ensuring compliance with SAE guidelines. The DC enables safe transitions to degraded/ fail-safe driving modes in response to safety violations of the autonomous driving system (ADS), optimizing the vehicle's operational safety. Additionally, the CCC enhances autonomy by redundantly monitoring the fleet of vehicles via real-time sensor streams, also facilitating the communication with the ADD and the reconfiguration of the driving mode depending on the current road scenario. The project results were successfully demonstrated in Hamburg in 2022, showcasing the practical implementation of the developed safety architecture and the insights gained.
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