3D-CFD 对用于 CV 和非公路应用的 H2 发动机开发的贡献

Magda Elvira Cassone Potenza, Maria Rosaria Gaballo, Jan N. Geiler, Marino Iacobazzi, Giovanni Cornetti, A. Kulzer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

氢气发动机是实现碳中和移动性的有前途的技术之一,特别是在重型公路或非公路应用中。本文介绍了氢燃料直喷式火花点火商用车发动机燃烧系统的设计方法。第一步,确定了商用三维计算流体动力学(CFD)代码 AVL FIRE Classic 重现气体射流特性的能力,气体射流由专用氢气喷射器引入静态环境。这基于两个部分:时间和数值离散敏感性分析确保模拟的空间和时间分辨率足够高,而与综合实验的比较则证明了模拟的准确性。为此目的而进行的测量依赖于著名的 Schlieren 技术,并使用氦气作为 H2 的安全替代品。这些测量结果揭示了喷射特性如何取决于喷射压力和环境压力之间的比率,以及喷射如何附着在燃烧室顶上或根据喷射器在其孔内的确切位置而聚焦。研究包括喷油器孔内凹陷程度的变化(从默认的齐平安装配置开始)以及不同的活塞设计概念。模拟的关键性能指标是喷射和发动机装料运动之间的相互作用以及混合气均匀性的发展。废气排放等试验台结果与模拟提供的数值输出相关联。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The 3D-CFD Contribution to H 2 Engine Development for CV and Off-Road Application
The hydrogen engine is one of the promising technologies that enables carbon-neutral mobility, especially in heavy-duty on- or off-road applications. In this paper, a methodological procedure for the design of the combustion system of a hydrogen-fueled, direct injection spark ignited commercial vehicle engine is described.In a preliminary step, the ability of the commercial 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code AVL FIRE Classic to reproduce the characteristics of the gas jet, introduced into a quiescent environment by a dedicated H2 injector, is established. This is based on two parts: Temporal and numerical discretization sensitivity analyses ensure that the spatial and temporal resolution of the simulations is adequate, and comparisons to a comprehensive set of experiments demonstrate the accuracy of the simulations. The measurements used for this purpose rely on the well-known Schlieren technique and use helium as a safe substitute for H2. They reveal how the jet properties depend on the ratio between injection and ambient pressure and how the jet can attach to the chamber roof or be focused depending on the exact position of the injector within its bore.The numerical recipe validated using the Schlieren measurements is then adapted for the calculation of the mixture formation in the engine combustion chamber. The investigations encompass variations of the degree of recess within the injector bore, starting with the default flush-mounted configuration, and different piston design concepts. Key performance indicators of the simulations are the interaction between injection and engine charge motion and the development of the mixture homogeneity. Test bench results such as exhaust emissions are correlated to the numerical output provided by the simulations.
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