Benign metastasizing uterine leiomyoma. A case series. Systematic review

Uterine leiomyoma (ULM) is one of the most common gynecological pathologies in women of reproductive age. The prevalence of this pathology varies across different age groups, with approximately 10% in the 20–35 age range, increasing to 40–45% after the age of 35. ULM metastasis is an extremely rare phenomenon, with only 411 cases reported in the literature, including our 3 observations. Several definitions exist, with the most common being benign metastasizing ULM, found in both domestic and foreign literature. Each observation is crucial, as there are currently no clear treatment algorithms for this patient category. The study presents 3 cases of successful treatment of patients with metastatic ULM in two institutions. A systematic review of domestic and foreign literature on this pathology is conducted. Twenty-two clinical observations in the Russian Federation and neighboring countries are analyzed. Analysis of foreign literature revealed records of 386 clinical observations of benign metastasizing ULM. Benign metastasizing ULM of the uterus represents a rare nosological form. Systematization is advisable for determining the optimal treatment and observation tactics.