赞比亚中央省和穆钦加省指定地区无症状人群疟疾寄生虫血症调查 - 一项横断面研究

P. Loti, S. S. Nyirenda, F. K. Chisulo, A. Chama, M. Singogo, D. B. Chileshe, J. L. Mwansa
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摘要

这项研究的目的是调查四个选定地区具有健康意识的人群中无症状疟疾的情况。疟疾是一种由疟原虫引起的威胁生命的疾病,通过受感染的雌性按蚊叮咬传播。无症状疟疾是指体内存在疟原虫而无症状,这通常为疾病传播提供了蓄水池。用 EDTA 采集的血液通过 RDT(SD Bioline 一步法疟疾抗原 P.f. (HRP-II)快速检测试剂盒)进行检测,同时用显微镜检查革兰氏染色的薄层和厚层血液涂片。在接受检查的 385 人中,84 人(21.8%)通过快速检测试剂盒检测出疟疾阳性,101/385 人(26.2%)通过显微镜检查出疟疾阳性。显微镜检查进一步确定 27 人(7.0%)携带配子细胞,74 人(19.2%)携带滋养体。耐人寻味的是,有 17 个样本(4.4%)的 RDT 检测结果为阴性,但涂片检查却显示出滋养体和配子细胞。按区进行的分析表明,坎奇比亚区的疟疾阳性率最高,通过 RDT 检测出 32 例(8.3%),通过显微镜检测出 35 例(8.5%)。奇坦博区紧随其后:RDT 和显微镜检测值分别为 25 例(6.5%)和 33 例(8.4%);而姆皮卡区和塞伦杰区的发病率分别为 13 例(3.4%)和 14 例(3.6%),两个区的 RDT 和显微镜检测值均为 12 例(3.1%)[x2 =16.3,p 值=0.0118]。研究还显示,365/385 名参与者(95%)对疟疾有所了解并持积极态度。我们的研究结果表明,在看似健康的人群中存在无症状疟疾,包括滋养体和配子细胞,这给社区带来了健康风险。因此,当务之急是实施预防性化疗和加强病媒控制工作,以降低疟疾感染率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Investigation of Malaria Parasitemia among Asymptomatic Individuals in Designated Districts of Central and Muchinga Provinces of Zambia – A Cross Sectional Study
The aim of the study was to investigate asymptomatic malaria in health-conscious population across four selected districts. Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium spp. transmitted through bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Asymptomatic malaria refers to the presence of malaria parasites in vivo without symptoms, which usually provides a reservoir for the disease transmission.Materials and methods. Blood collected in EDTA underwent testing through RDT (SD Bioline one-step malaria antigen P.f. (HRP-II) rapid test kits), while thin and thick blood smears Giemsa stained were microscopically examined.Results and discussion. Out of 385 individuals examined, 84 people (21.8 %) tested positive for malaria using RDT and 101/385 (26.2 %) – through microscopy. Microscopic examination further identified 27 individuals (7.0 %) with gametocytes and 74 (19.2 %) – with trophozoites. Intriguingly, 17 (4.4 %) samples showed negative results in RDT but exhibited trophozoites and gametocytes upon smear examination. District-wise analysis demonstrated the highest malaria positivity rate in Kanchibiya district, with 32 cases (8.3 %) detected by RDT and 35 (8.5 %) – through microscopy. Chitambo district followed closely: with RDT and microscopy values of 25 (6.5 %) and 33 (8.4 %), respectively; while Mpika and Serenje districts had 13 (3.4 %) and 14 (3.6 %) prevalence, respectively, with RDT and microscopy at 12 (3.1 %) in both districts [x2 =16.3, p-value=0.0118]. The study also revealed that 365/385 (95 %) of the participants demonstrated knowledge and positive attitudes toward malaria. Our findings accentuate the presence of asymptomatic malaria, encompassing trophozoites and gametocytes, among seemingly healthy individuals which poses a health risk to the community. Therefore, it is imperative to implement preventive chemotherapy and strengthen vector control efforts against malaria in order to reduce the infection rate.
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