斯巴达断层(希腊)活动的结构和地貌制约因素

Çağatay Çal, S. J. Boulton, Zoë Mildon
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摘要

公元前 464 年,希腊斯巴达(Sparti)古城在 M w ∼ 7.2 级地震中遭受了严重破坏,造成 20,000 人死亡,但人们对这一重要结构的短期(10 4 年)和长期(10 5 - 10 6 年)活动仍存有疑问。本文介绍了斯巴达断层的新结构数据和河流地貌分析,尤其是对鲜为人知的北部断层段进行了分析。北段冰川期后发育良好的断层峭壁上的新地形剖面显示,在过去 ∼15 ka 的时间里,断层峭壁偏移了 7.53 米,这表明断层的抛移速率为 ∼0.5 毫米/年。流经断层的河流的纵向剖面可以阐明更长期的断层活动。沿着断层的走向,河流呈现出多达两个斜坡断裂节理点,高度由南向北递减。据解释,这些节理点的形成是由于断层的启动以及随后的滑动速度加快所致。冰川期后的断层疤痕和河川地貌都表明,整个断层都很活跃,其抛掷剖面不对称,导致南部的滑移率最高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Structural and geomorphological constraints on the activity of the Sparta Fault (Greece)
The ancient city of Sparti (Greece) suffered extensive damage from a M w ∼7.2 earthquake in 464 B.C.E. resulting in ∼ 20,000 fatalities, but questions remain on the short (∼10 4 yrs) and long-term (10 5 – 10 6 yrs) activity of this important structure. This paper presents new structural data and fluvial geomorphologic analysis from the Sparta Fault, and in particular considers the northern fault segment that is less well known. A new topographic profile on the well-developed post-glacial fault scarp from the northern strand indicates a 7.53 m offset over the last ∼15 ka, suggesting a throw rate of ∼0.5 mm/yr. The longitudinal profiles of rivers flowing across the fault allow elucidation of longer-term fault activity. Along the strike of the fault rivers exhibit up to two slope-break knickpoints, which decrease in height from south to north. These knickpoints are interpreted to have formed owing to the initiation of faulting and a subsequent slip-rate acceleration. The post-glacial fault scarp and fluvial geomorphology both indicate that entire fault is active and has an asymmetrical throw profile that results in the highest slip-rate in the south.
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