Study of the effect of phytoextract based on rice husk and germ film, green tea on the functional properties of cells involved in bone tissue metabolism

Osteoporosis is a disease associated with a decrease of bone density and quality. Bone tissue is especially sensitive to changes in trace element content in the body. Deficiency of macro- and microelements (silicon, calcium, manganese, etc.) can lead to the development of osteoporosis. The aim of the research was to study the effect of NaBiKat phytoextract on the viability and functional activity of fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts and osteoclasts, involved in bone metabolism in osteoporosis. Material and methods. An aqueous solution of the NaBiKat phytocomplex consisting of rice husks and germ film, green tea was used in the work; its content of basic chemical elements was measured using atomic immersion spectral analysis. The cytotoxicity of the phytoextract was evaluated on fibroblasts, MSCs, and osteoblasts of humans using the MTT test. The activity of mitochondria in cells was assessed by staining with a fluorescent dye TMRM. The production of intracellular proteins in osteoblasts and osteoclasts was determined using flow cytometry. Results and discussion. In an aqueous solution of phytoextract, a large amount of sodium, potassium, silicon, manganese, magnesium and a small amount of calcium, iron are found. The phytoextract did not have a cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts and stimulated proliferation of MSCs and osteoblasts up to 112–128 % and up to 130 %, respectively. At maximum concentration, the phytocomplex reduced osteoblast proliferation. Phytocomplex enhanced mitochondria activity in MSCs and osteoblasts, reduced in fibroblasts and osteoclasts. Under its influence, an increase in RANKL synthesis was observed in osteoblasts, the amount of type 1 collagen did not change, and cathepsin K production decreased in osteoclasts, while it did not significantly affect MMP-9 content. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that an aqueous phytoextract based on rice husk and germ film, green tea leaves is safe for MSCs, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in humans and is able to stimulate the functional activity of osteoblasts, as well as reduce the activity of osteoclasts due to the high content of macro- and microelements.