确保境内流离失所者融入收容社区所面临的挑战:行为决定因素

H. Voznyak, I. Storonyanska, O. Mulska, K. Patytska, Andriy V. Kaspshyshak
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引用次数: 0

摘要

俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争(2022 年 2 月开始进入活跃期)造成的境内移民增加了接纳来自前线和被占领土的境内流离失所者的东道社区的社会经济负担。另一方面,这也加剧了当地居民对境内流离失所者融入社会的行为反思。本研究旨在确定国内流离失所者适应收容社区的机遇、挑战和前景(乌克兰利沃夫州案例研究)。本文于 2022 年 11 月至 2023 年 2 月对 2500 名受访者进行了社会学调查。结果表明,缺少住房、缺少长期工作、语言矛盾以及被迫与留在战区的亲属保持有限的联系是国内流离失所者融入东道社区的生存障碍。研究确定了国内流离失所者融入东道国社会的机遇:减少领土人口减少的风险、减少当地劳动力市场在某些经济部门的不平衡、加强社会凝聚力、发展小企业和改善社会基础设施。相应的挑战包括社会紧张局势加剧、就业和住房竞争加剧、学前教育机构学位短缺、预算资金在当地居民和国内流离失所者之间分配不公。国内流离失所者与当地居民以及国内流离失所者与地方当局之间的冲突要求地方当局采取积极主动的立场,启动心理支持计划,并为交流个人经历以及讨论心理和情感问题创建沟通平台。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Challenges of ensuring the integration of internally displaced persons into host communities: Behavioral determinants
Internal migration caused by the war of russia against Ukraine (with the active phase starting in February 2022) has increased the socio-economic burden on the host communities welcoming internally displaced population from the frontline and occupied territories. On the other hand, it intensifies behavioral reflections of local residents on the integration of internally displaced persons (IDPs). The study aims to identify opportunities, challenges, and prospects for IDPs’ adaptation in host communities (a case study of Lviv oblast, Ukraine). The paper conducted a sociological survey among 2,500 respondents in November 2022–February 2023. The results show that the lack of housing, lack of permanent employment, language contradictions, and forced limited contact with relatives who remain in the combat zone are existential barriers to the integration of IDPs into host communities. The study identified such opportunities for the integration of IDPs into the host society: reducing the risk of depopulation of territories, reducing imbalances in the local labor market in certain sectors of the economy, strengthening social cohesion, developing small businesses, and improving social infrastructure. The respective challenges include increased social tension, competition for jobs and housing, shortage of places in preschool institutions, and disproportionate distribution of budget funds between the local population and IDPs. Conflicts between IDPs and local residents, as well as IDPs and local authorities, require a proactive position of local authorities to initiate psychological support programs and create communication platforms for the exchange of individual experiences and discussion of psychological and emotional issues.
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