根据主要岩性和外露基岩百分比估算的高山集水区与次生沉积重力流相关的危险性

Davide Tiranti
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引用次数: 0

摘要

沉积重力流(SGF)在阿尔卑斯地区造成了严重破坏。文献中阐述了几种方法来确定这些现象的主要特征,主要是通过实验室实验或使用二维或三维传播模型进行流动模拟来考虑流动过程的流变学特征,或考虑单一方面,如发生 SGF 的集水区的形态参数。这些非常有针对性的方法主要与 SGF 传播行为的定义有关,或仅仅是为了确定集水区某一特征所起的诱导作用,而忽略了与 SGF 可能发生的现象和环境有关的其他互补方面。虽然旨在量化驱动 SGFs 行为的某些参数的研究在了解水流机制方面取得了良好的成果,但并没有提供对这些现象整体性质的详尽了解,包括其触发条件和导致其产生的诱发因素的完整视图。本文介绍了一项研究工作,该工作基于对阿尔卑斯集水区岩性、地质力学、地貌和形态特征的收集和交叉分析,并与 SGF 沉积物的沉积学和形态特征进行比较,同时考虑到降雨数据与历史 SGF 事件的相关性。研究采用了一种多学科方法,旨在从现象起源的集水区特征入手,更加详尽地量化 SGF 的成因和特征。研究使用了苏萨河谷(意大利西部阿尔卑斯山)78 个记录详实的集水区,共报告了 614 次历史流量事件,这些集水区在地貌和地质特征方面存在很大差异。主要结果是,根据影响 SGF 的流变学、沉积学和沉积特征的主要集水区基岩岩性特征、触发降雨值、季节性、发生频率和冲积扇结构,确定了三个集水区组别。该分类方法还与集水区形态分类法进行了比较,结果表明,无论形态分类法提供的结果如何,基岩露头百分比在确定特定集水区最有可能发生的水流过程类型方面起着根本性的作用。通过所提出的方法对 SGF 事件进行分析,可以相对估算出按集水区类型区分的这些现象的危害程度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Alpine Catchments’ Hazard Related to Subaerial Sediment Gravity Flows Estimated on Dominant Lithology and Outcropping Bedrock Percentage
Sediment gravity flows (SGFs) cause serious damage in the Alpine regions. In the literature, several methodologies have been elaborated to define the main features of these phenomena, mainly considering the rheological features of the flow processes by laboratory experiments or by flow simulation using 2D or 3D propagation models or considering a single aspect, such as the morphometric parameters of catchments in which SGFs occur. These very targeted approaches are primarily linked to the definition of SGFs’ propagation behavior or to identify the predisposing role played by just one feature of catchments neglecting other complementary aspects regarding phenomena and the environment in which SGFs can occur. Although the research aimed at the quantification of some parameters that drive the behavior of SGFs provides good results in understanding the flow mechanisms, it does not provide an exhaustive understanding of the overall nature of these phenomena, including their trigger conditions and a complete view of predisposing factors that contribute to their generation. This paper presents a research work based on the collection and cross-analysis of lithological, geomechanical, geomorphological and morphometrical characteristics of Alpine catchments compared with sedimentological and morphological features of SGF deposits, also taking in to account the rainfall data correlation with historical SGF events. A multidisciplinary approach was implemented, aiming at quantifying SGF causes and characteristics starting from the catchments’ features where the phenomena originate in a more exhaustive way. The study used 78 well-documented catchments of Susa Valley (Western Italian Alps), having 614 historical flow events reported, that present a great variability in geomorphological and geological features. As the main result, three catchment groups were recognized based on the dominant catchment bedrock’s lithology characteristics that influence the SGFs’ rheology, sedimentological and depositional features, triggering rainfall values, seasonality, occurrence frequency and alluvial fan architecture. The classification method was also compared with the catchments’ morphometry classification, demonstrating that the fundamental role in determining the type of flow process that can most likely occur in a given catchment is played by the bedrock outcropping percentage, regardless of the results provided by the morphometric approach. The analysis of SGF events through the proposed method led to a relative estimate of the hazard degree of these phenomena distinguished by catchment type.
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