开发通过重过滤生产无乳糖牛奶的技术

Irina Donnik, S. Mayzel', Nikolay Viktorovich Burachevskiy
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摘要

摘要研究目的这项研究旨在解决与生产环保型动物源产品--无乳糖牛奶--的技术开发有关的问题。这将解决因生理原因不能耐受乳糖的人食用牛奶和乳制品的问题。根据文献综述分析无乳糖牛奶生产问题的现状,可以得出结论:由于初始产品成分的变化或技术链的巨大复杂性,现有技术存在一定的缺点。拟议的开发基于一种由多个重复循环组成的牛奶重过滤方法。循环包括用超滤工艺将牛奶分离成渗透液(乳糖水溶液)和浓缩液(蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖残渣)。然后在浓缩液中加入纯净水,水量与排出的渗透液体积相等。为了科学地开发拟议的技术,有必要对牛奶的超滤分离进行研究,获得工艺的最佳运行参数,确定膜的渗透性和选择性随乳糖浓度的变化,考虑获得不同脂肪质量分数的无乳糖牛奶的可能性,确定膜重滤工艺的循环次数。研究方法。对牛奶超滤分离过程的研究是在实验室条件下,在使用有机和无机膜的膜设备上进行的。实验确定了超滤膜的主要特性--渗透性和选择性,参数不断变化(参数范围:P = 0.15...0.5 MPa,t = 35...65 °C)。结果。根据所获得的实验数据,通过处理这些数据并优化参数,获得了超滤牛奶分离过程的最佳模式。确定了以下参数:产品在超滤膜空间中的速度、分离过程的工作压力和温度。为膜-牛奶系统选择了优选的超滤膜。科学新颖性。为了开发生产无乳糖牛奶的技术,首次进行了一系列研究和实验,如根据乳糖浓度改变膜的渗透性和选择性,获得脂肪质量分数的无乳糖牛奶,确定膜重滤过程的循环次数。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Development of technology for the production of lactose-free milk by diafiltration
Abstract. The purpose. The research is aimed at solving the problem related to the development of technology for producing an environmentally friendly product of animal origin – lactose-free milk. This will solve the problem of consumption of milk and dairy products by people who do not tolerate milk sugar for physiological reasons. Analyzing, on the basis of a literary review, the current state of the issue of lactose-free milk production, it can be concluded that existing technologies have certain disadvantages due to changes in the composition of the initial product, or the significant complexity of the technological chain. The proposed development is based on a method of milk diafiltration consisting of several repetitive cycles. The cycle consists in the separation of milk by the ultrafiltration process into permeate (aqueous lactose solution) and concentrate (proteins, fat, lactose residues). Then pure water is added to the concentrate in a volume equal to the volume of the discharged permeate. For a scientifically based approach to the development of the proposed technology, it is necessary to conduct a study of ultrafiltration separation of milk, obtain optimal operating parameters of the process, determine the change in permeability and selectivity of membranes from lactose concentration, consider the possibility of obtaining lactose-free milk with different mass fraction of fat, determine the number of cycles of the membrane diafiltration process. Research methods. The study of the process of ultrafiltration separation of milk was carried out in laboratory conditions on a membrane installation using organic and inorganic membranes. The experiments determined the main characteristics of ultrafiltration membranes – permeability and selectivity, with varying parameters (parameter range: P = 0.15…0.5 MPa, t = 35…65 °C). Results. Based on the experimental data obtained, by processing them and optimizing the parameters, optimal modes of the milk separation process by ultrafiltration were obtained. The following parameters are defined: the velocity of the product in the supramembrane space, the operating pressure of the separation process, its temperature. The preferred ultrafiltration membranes for the membrane-milk system have been selected. Scientific novelty. To develop a technology for producing lactose-free milk, for the first time a number of studies and experiments were carried out, such as changing the permeability and selectivity of membranes from the concentration of lactose, obtaining lactose-free milk with mass fraction of fat the number of cycles of the membrane diafiltration process was determined.
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