儿童的歧视经历对父母心理和自我评价健康的影响:全国健康访谈调查的结果

Children Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI:10.3390/children11070830
Elizabeth B Jelsma, Nema Kebbeh, Mahnoor Ahmad
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摘要

背景:本研究评估了儿童因种族/族裔和性取向/性别认同而遭受歧视的经历与其父母的焦虑、抑郁症状和自我健康评价之间的关联。研究方法我们的样本包括 3910 名父母,他们至少有一名 12 至 17 岁的子女。数据来自 2021 年和 2022 年的全国健康访谈调查。采用最大似然估计(ML)和引导法进行路径分析,通过父母的焦虑和抑郁症状,研究从儿童经历的歧视到父母自评健康的间接路径。研究结果儿童遭受的种族/族裔歧视与父母自我健康评价较差之间的关系是通过父母较高的焦虑(p = 0.003)和抑郁症状(p < 0.001)来实现的。儿童遭受的基于性取向/性别认同的歧视也与父母自我健康评价较差有关,其途径是父母焦虑(p = 0.002)和抑郁症状(p = 0.001)较高。结论研究结果表明,儿童遭受歧视的经历与父母自评健康状况之间存在密切联系,其途径是父母心理健康状况不佳。研究结果表明,有必要减少针对儿童的歧视,并为遭受歧视儿童的父母提供心理健康支持,以改善家庭福祉。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Influence of Children’s Discrimination Experiences on Parents’ Mental and Self-Rated Health: Results from the National Health Interview Survey
Background: This study assessed the associations between children’s experiences of discrimination based on race/ethnicity and sexual orientation/gender identity and their parents’ anxiety, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health. Methods: Our sample included 3910 parents with at least one child between 12 and 17 years of age. Data were pooled from the 2021 and 2022 waves of the National Health Interview Survey. Path analysis with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation and bootstrapping were used to examine the indirect pathways from child-experienced discrimination to parental self-rated health through parental anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results: Child-experienced discrimination based on race/ethnicity was associated with worse parental self-rated health via pathways through higher parental anxiety (p = 0.003) and depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Child-experienced discrimination based on sexual orientation/gender identity was also associated with worse parental self-rated health via pathways through higher parental anxiety (p = 0.002) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The results show a strong association between children’s experiences of discrimination and parental self-rated health through pathways of poor parental mental health. Findings demonstrate the need to reduce discrimination directed at children and to facilitate mental health support for parents of children experiencing discrimination to improve family well-being.
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