Productivity of forage crops in the system crop rotation and permanent cultivation in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

This article discusses the productivity of fodder crops obtained in the system of crop rotation and permanent cultivation for a long time (33 years) for the period from 1990 to 2022. The aim of the study is to establish the potential productive capacity of fodder crops cultivated for a long time in the system of sixfield crop rotations with different types of employed fallows and in monoculture on two backgrounds (fertilized, unfertilized) of soil nutrition in the conditions of the South Ural steppe. The objects of research are fodder crops (Sudanese grass, corn for silage, barley, peas, oats). The place of study was a stationary field experiment located in the Orenburg region (51.775125o N, 55.306547o E). Field crops were cultivated on two agrobackgrounds of nutrition – fertilized N40P80K40 and without fertilizers. The article describes the characteristic features of the weather conditions of 33 years of research, of which 10 correlate with desert conditions (HTC<0.4). The highest productivity of Sudanese grass was obtained in 1990 against the background of mineral fertilizers 6.23 thousand fodder units per 1 ha and unfertilized 5.73 thousand k.u. per 1 ha. Maize for silage cultivated in a crop rotation with prolonged action of a fallow occupied by an annual crop for the collection of fodder units in total over the years of research against the background of mineral fertilizers had a value of 108.52 thousand, for unfertilized – 106.16 thousand. units for the entire period of research amounted to 108.53 thousand on a fertilized background, 102.56 thousand on an unfertilized background. The yield of fodder products from 3 hectares of crop rotation area with soil-protective fallow was 259.80 thousand on a fertilized background, with green manure fallow 256.26 and 232 .49 thousand feed units, respectively, according to backgrounds. Growing corn for silage in permanent crops is the most highly productive option among those studied in the experiment. For 33 years of research on this option, 325.59         and 307.68 thousand feed units were obtained, respectively, on a fertilized and unfertilized background.