根据奥布地区森林草原春小麦栽培技术要素的根腐病发病特点

E. S. Feshchenko, E. Toropova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项工作的目标是确定春小麦前体和播种前种子处理制剂对 Bipolaris sorokiniana 和镰刀菌寄生活动的影响。研究于 2021-2023 年在新西伯利亚州奥布地区森林草原的农业企业 MZhK "Alvapharm"(有限责任公司)进行,研究对象为新西伯利亚 31 号品种,我们采用了公认的专有方法。在研究期间,所有变种的春小麦都受到根腐病的影响,危害程度超过了临界值。根腐病的发展速度达到 9.6 PV。年份 "因素对幼苗根腐病发生的影响为 42.2%,"处理 "因素为 21.4%,"前作 "因素为 8.8%。平均 3 年中,完全成熟期根腐病的发生率在蒸汽前身中最低,为 33.8%,比冬黑麦低 7.3%。前身 "因素对生长季末期病害发生率的影响程度为 41.1%,"处理 "因素为 8.5%,"年份 "和 "前身 "因素之间的关系为 38.1%。种子处理显示了所有选项的平均效率:发芽期为 47.1-59.4%,完全成熟期为 3.0-19.0%。根腐病的病原菌为 Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc.和 Fusarium Link.真菌。地下器官上植物病原体的比例由当年的条件、植物器官和前体决定,从 0.8 : 1 到镰刀菌完全占优势不等。当年的条件影响了根腐小霉菌的生物多样性。在主根上,年份条件对植物病原菌生物多样性的影响强度为 48.2%,在茎基上为 60.7%,分别在 5%和 1%的显著性水平上显著。土壤对所有前体植物病原体的抑制作用从中等到较强,对 B. sorokiniana 的抑制作用达到 83.3%,对 F. oxysporum 的抑制作用达到 78.0%;与谷物前体相比,植物检疫前体(休耕、沧桑)显著提高了土壤对植物病原体的抑制作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Features of root rot incidence depending on elements of spring wheat cultivation technology in the Ob region Forest-steppe
The goal of the work was to establish the influence of spring wheat precursors and preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment on the parasitic activity of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium fungi. The studies were conducted in 2021–2023 in the Ob region forest-steppe in the agricultural enterprise MZhK “Alvapharm” (LLC) in the Novosibirsk region on the Novosibirskaya 31 variety, we used generally accepted and proprietary methods. During the years of the study, spring wheat in all variants was affected by root rot above the threshold of harmfulness. The development of root rot reached 9.6 PV. The influence of the “year” factor on the development of root rot of seedlings was 42.2 %, the “treatment” factor was 21.4 %, and the “predecessor” factor was 8.8 %. The incidence of root rot in the phase of full ripeness on average over 3 years was minimal for the steam predecessor – 33.8 %, which is 7.3 % less than for winter rye. The strength of influence of the “predecessor” factor on disease incidence at the end of the growing season was 41.1 %, the “treatment” factor was 8.5 %, and the relationship between the “year” and “predecessor” factors was 38.1 %. Seed treatment showed average efficiency for all options: 47.1–59.4 % in the germination phase and 3.0–19.0 % in the full ripeness phase. The etiology of root rots was represented by Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem. and Fusarium Link. fungi. The ratio of phytopathogens on underground organs was determined by the conditions of the year, plant organs and precursors and ranged across variants from 0.8 : 1 to complete dominance of Fusarium fungi. The conditions of the year influenced the biological diversity of root rot micromycetes. On primary roots, the strength of the influence of year conditions on the biological diversity of phytopathogens was 48.2%, on the base of the stem – 60.7% and was significant at 5 and 1% significance levels, respectively. The soil suppressiveness to phytopathogens for all precursors was from moderate to strong and reached 83.3 % for B. sorokiniana and 78.0 % for F. oxysporum; phytosanitary precursors (fallow, vicooats) significantly increased the soil suppressiveness for phytopathogens compared to grain predecessor.
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