春软麦 Ppd-D1a 等位基因供体的早熟性

S. B. Lepekhov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对光周期不敏感的等位基因 Ppd-D1a 在亚赤道和赤道国家的春软小麦中很普遍。在俄罗斯的春软小麦栽培品种中几乎找不到这种等位基因。等位基因 Ppd-D1a 可缩短软质小麦从出苗到抽穗的时间,可用于培育早熟品种。对带有等位基因 Ppd-D1a 的 40 个栽培品种进行了 2021 年和 2022 年的田间产量研究。其中选出了 11 个产量达到标准水平的品种(AC Vista、AC Taber、Buck Fogon、Cunningham、DL-803-2、Odeta、Tigre、Sasia、Sunstar、Sunstate 和 Zingmai)。通过 PCR 分析,确认了所有 11 个栽培品种都存在 Ppd-D1a 等位基因。当地的对照品种具有 Ppd-D1b 等位基因。上述 11 个品种于 2023 年进行了田间试验。对各栽培品种的出苗间隔、株高、每穗小穗数、每穗籽粒数、千粒重、每主穗和分蘖穗粒重、收获指数、产量、籽粒中蛋白质和面筋含量进行了估测。11 个栽培品种中有 10 个产量明显低于标准(-23% 至 58%)。几乎所有栽培品种的株高(从-16 厘米到-43 厘米)、千粒重(从-3.8 克到-13.5 克)、收获指数(达到+8.0 个百分点)和每主穗粒重(从-0.02 克到-0.52 克)都明显低于标准。Sunstar 栽培品种的产量与标准栽培品种 Altaiskaya 70 相当,建议将其作为春软麦早熟育种中 Ppd-D1a 等位基因的供体。根据所考虑的性状进行的聚类分析将具有 Ppd-D1a 和 Ppd-D1b 等位基因的栽培品种分为两个不同的组。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ppd-D1a allele donors for spring soft wheat for earliness
The photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a is widespread among spring soft wheat of subequatorial and equatorial countries. This allele is practically not found in Russian spring soft wheat cultivars. The allele Ppd-D1a decrease period from seedling to heading in soft wheat and can be used in breeding for earliness. Fourty cultivars with the allele Ppd-D1a have been studied in the field conditions for yield in 2021 and 2022. Eleven cultivars (AC Vista, AC Taber, Buck Fogon, Cunningham, DL-803-2, Odeta, Tigre, Sasia, Sunstar, Sunstate and Zingmai), which have yield at the level of standards, were selected among them. Using PCR-analysis the presence of the Ppd-D1a allele was confirmed for all 11 cultivars. Local checks have the Ppd-D1b allele. Above mentioned 11 cultivars were tested in field condition in 2023. Cultivars were estimated for interval from seedling to heading, plant height, spikelet number per spike, kernel number per spike, thousand kernel weight, grain weight per main spike and tiller spikes, harvest index, yield, protein and gluten content in grain. Ten out of 11 cultivars had significantly lower yield than standards (from -23 to 58 %). Almost all cultivars were characterized with significantly lower plant height (from -16 to -43 cm), lower thousand kernel weight (from -3.8 to -13.5 g), higher harvest index (to +8.0 percent point) and lower grain weight per main spike (from -0.02 to -0.52 g), than standards. Sunstar cultivar, which had yield at the level of standard cultivar Altaiskaya 70, is recommended as a donor of the Ppd-D1a allele in spring soft wheat breeding for earliness. Cluster analysis carried out on the basis of the considered traits classified cultivars with the Ppd-D1a and Ppd-D1b alleles in two different groups.
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