巴尔瑙尔郊区森林基金区划的生态学和生态学方法

A. A. Malinovskikh
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摘要

巴尔瑙尔林场森林基金是巴尔瑙尔市郊区的一部分,根据森林类型学研究了该基金松树人工林的物种组成。共鉴定出 165 种维管束植物,其中 3 种形成林分,26 种形成林下植被,136 种形成活地植被。在森林下层发现了 39 个同生植物物种(占植物区系总数的 23.6%),包括林下灌木丛中的 14 个同生植物物种、生活地被中的 5 个同生植物物种和 20 个同生植物物种。与新鲜森林类型相比,草地森林类型的花卉组成更为丰富,这与不同的森林生长条件有关。人为因素导致城市边界附近松树人工林的物种组成增加--草林的物种组成更密集(r = -0.74),而新森林的物种组成较少(r = -0.39)。当我们远离城市边界时,松树人工林中生态成分和雌性成分的比例发生了变化:森林成分所占比例增加,同类成分所占比例减少。在较低层次的同生植物中,侵略性物种(Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.、Acer negundo L.)引人注目,它们强烈地改变了森林环境,阻碍了主要品种的更新。松树人工林物种组成的同类化指数值随距离城市边界的远近而变化:0,28-0,29 - 0-4 公里;0,12-0,20 - 4-11 公里;0,03-0,07 - 15-43 公里,因此,林业的森林基金可以划分为 3 个区域--高度、中度和弱人为改造。我们建议使用所获得的数据对巴尔瑙尔林业领土进行综合分区,以保护郊区森林。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ecological and cenotic approach to zoning of the forest fund of suburban forests of Barnaul
The species composition of pine plantations in the forest fund of the Barnaul Forestry, which is part of the suburban territory of Barnaul, was studied on a forest typological basis. A total of 165 species of vascular plants have been identified, of which 3 species form a stand, 26 species of undergrowth, and 136 species of living ground cover. 39 synanthropic plant species (23.6 % of the total flora) were found in the lower tiers of the forest, including 14 anthropophytic species in the undergrowth, 5 anthropophytic and 20 apophytic species in the living ground cover. A richer floral composition is characteristic of the grass forest type, compared with the fresh forest type, which is associated with different forest growing conditions. Anthropogenic factors lead to an increase in the species composition of pine plantations near the city limits – more intensively in the grass forest (r = -0.74), less intensively in the fresh forest (r = -0.39). As we move away from the city limits, the ratio of ecological and cenotic components changes in pine plantations: the share of the forest component increases, the share of the synanthropic component decreases. Among the synanthropic plants of the lower tiers, aggressive species (Malus baccata (L.) Borkh., Acer negundo L.) are noted, which strongly transform the forest environment, preventing the renewal of the main breed. The value of the index of synanthropization of the species composition of pine plantations varies with distance from the city limits: 0,28–0,29 – 0–4 km; 0,12–0,20 – 4–11 km; 0,03–0,07 – 15–43 km, therefore, the forest fund of the forestry can be divided into 3 zones – high, moderate and weak anthropogenic transformation. We recommend using the data obtained for complex zoning of the territory of the Barnaul forestry in order to preserve suburban forests.
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