动物肌生长抑素基因的多态性(综述)

E. A. Klimanova, D. A. Alexandrova, N. Kochnev
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摘要

本文综述了有关农场动物肌动蛋白基因多态性多样性的出版物。动物胴体的质量指标在很大程度上取决于多种因素,其中个体的基因型起着重要作用。肌生长因子(MSTN)或生长/分化因子 8(GDF-8)是转化生长因子(TGF-β)超家族中的一种蛋白质。MSTN 蛋白序列包括一个分泌信号序列、一个蛋白水解加工位点和一个由 9 个半胱氨酸残基组成的羧基末端区域。肌节蛋白的主要功能是抑制肌肉纤维的生长。肌节蛋白在宫内发育过程的关键时刻调节肌肉发育:肌肉前体的增殖、肌母细胞的增殖和分化。肌节蛋白在骨骼肌组织中的表达最为强烈。许多农场动物都有肌节蛋白活性降低的突变,其中最明显的例子是一些肉牛品种中的双层肌肉。一般来说,肌节蛋白基因突变会导致肉用农畜品种肌肉质量和数量的增加,以及其他依赖于肌肉质量的特征的变化,如狗和马的奔跑速度。肌节蛋白基因突变的负面影响包括癌症、早衰、肌营养不良等,为了防止这些后果,通常会优先选择杂合子。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Polymorphisms of the myostatin gene in animals (overreview)
A review of publications is presented on the diversity of myostatin gene polymorphisms in farm animals. The quality indicators of animal carcasses largely depend on many factors, of which the genotype of the individual plays an important role. Myostatin (MSTN), or growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8), is a protein member of the transforming growth factor (TGF-β) superfamily. The MSTN protein sequence includes a secretion signal sequence, a proteolytic processing site, and a carboxy-terminal region with a conserved pattern of nine cysteine residues. The main function of myostatin is to inhibit the growth of muscle fibers. Myostatin regulates muscle development at key moments in the intrauterine development process: proliferation of muscle precursors, proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Myostatin expression is most intense in skeletal muscle tissue. Many farm animals have mutations associated with decreased myostatin activity, of which the most pronounced example is double muscle in some beef cattle breeds. In general, mutations in the myostatin gene lead to a qualitative and quantitative increase in muscle mass in meat breeds of farm animals, as well as changes in other characteristics that depend on muscle mass, such as running speed in dogs and horses. The negative consequences of mutations in the myostatin gene include cancer, premature aging, dystrophy, etc., to prevent which heterozygotes are usually given preference in selection.
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