从少数大型投资到众多小型投资:不确定世界中适应性灌溉发展的经验教训

IF 2.6 Q2 WATER RESOURCES
P. Prasad, A. Duker, Diego Zuluaga Velasquez, Moline Chauruka, B. M. Karimba, Charlotte de Fraiture, Emmanuel Manzungu, Pieter van der Zaag
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引用次数: 0

摘要

传统的灌溉发展方式涉及对大型基础设施的一次性巨额投资,无法适应不断变化的气候和社会经济条件。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区(SSA),迫切需要有其他适应性强、避免资本锁定的小农灌溉投资方式。受动态适应性政策路径(DAPP)概念的启发,适应性投资路径(AdIP)提出了逐步投资以支持小农灌溉发展的建议。AdIP 通过动态、灵活的投资计划,而不是投资于单一的静态解决方案,建立起抵御未来冲击的能力。为了为 AdIP 的实施奠定经验基础,我们从肯尼亚和津巴布韦浅沙河含水层灌溉发展不同阶段的三个案例研究中汲取了经验教训。我们回顾性地分析了农场和景观尺度上的投资性质,以及农民应对风险和机遇的类型。我们发现,面对风险,农民会使其生计多样化,尤其是针对外部触发因素带来的机遇和风险,逐步进行小额投资,并在达到饱和点(即其发展目标(此处指灌溉发展)的生物物理或社会政治极限)时暂停或调整投资活动。各国政府和外部机构可以通过有针对性的景观规模投资来解决小农面临的饱和点问题,从而支持撒哈拉以南非洲地区的小农灌溉发展。这需要一个强有力的参与式监测框架,以确定和应对饱和点,并重新思考融资机制,该机制不是根据固定的投资时间表来衡量进展情况,而是衡量在实现发展目标方面取得的持续进展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
From few large to many small investments: lessons for adaptive irrigation development in an uncertain world
Conventional approaches to irrigation development involve large lumpsum investments in big infrastructure that cannot adapt to changing climate and socio-economic conditions. There is an urgent need for alternative ways of investing in smallholder irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that are adaptive and avoid capital lock-in. Adaptive Investment Pathways (AdIP), inspired by the Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP) concept, proposes stepwise investments to support smallholder irrigation development. AdIP builds resilience to future shocks through dynamic and flexible investment plans instead of investing in single static solutions. To develop an empirical grounding for operationalizing AdIP, we draw lessons from three case studies representing different stages of irrigation development along shallow sand river aquifers in Kenya and Zimbabwe. We retrospectively analyse the nature of investments at farm and landscape scales, and the type of risks and opportunities that farmers respond to. We find that in face of risks, farmers diversify their livelihoods, make small investments incrementally especially in response to opportunities and risks created by external triggers, and pause or reorient activity when they reach saturation points, i.e., biophysical or socio-political limits to their development objective, here irrigation development. Governments and external agencies can support smallholder irrigation development in SSA through targeted landscape scale investments that address saturation points faced by smallholders. This requires a robust participatory monitoring framework to identify and respond to saturation points, and a re-thinking of financing mechanisms which do not measure progress against a fixed schedule of investments, but instead measure continuous progress towards the development objective.
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Water
Frontiers in Water WATER RESOURCES-
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
6.90%
发文量
224
审稿时长
13 weeks
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