Repeat wildfire and smoke experiences shared by four communities in Southern California: local impacts and community needs

Families in unincorporated communities in Southern California’s Eastern Coachella Valley increasingly experience the burden of repeat wildfires and smoke. This study describes their lived wildfire and smoke experiences, health impacts, unique community-level inequities that compound wildfire risk and air quality effects, communication preferences, and resource needs for future wildfire preparedness. A wildfire community vulnerability framework informed the focus group discussion guide, focusing on five domains: personal experiences with wildfires, health impacts, response and mitigation behaviors, community social interactions during wildfire response, and communication preferences for future mitigation. Ten focus groups with 118 participants occurred in spring 2023 with four communities in Eastern Coachella Valley, California. Findings center on narratives of acute wildfire-related experiences, including evacuation and burned trailer homes, acute and chronic physical and mental health impacts of wildfires and smoke, daily life disruptions, staying indoors for protection, and local interactions described as a community strength in responding to fires. Participants from unincorporated, low-income, and monolingual Spanish-speaking communities predominantly consisting of farm workers requested greater emergency preparedness and response information, training and education in Spanish, postfire resources, lower trash service fees, increased enforcement of illegal dumping and burning, and use of multimodal and bilingual communication channels for wildfire, smoke, and wind alerts.