Analysis of Comorbidity in HIV–Infected Patients with Immunological Inefficiency of Antiretroviral Therapy

Introduction. Studies indicate high risks of secondary diseases and adverse events not related to HIV in patients with immunological inefficiency of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The effect of comorbidity on the increase of CD4+ is detected.The aim of the study is assessing the effect of comorbidity on CD4+ growth and the probability of developing immunological inefficiency of ART.Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted that included HIV-infected patients with CD4+ at the beginning of treatment <200 cells/µl. Two groups were formed: the main group — patients with immunological inefficiency of ART (281 people); the control group — patients with sufficient immunological response on ART (188 people). Results. The probability of developing immunological inefficiency in patients with tuberculosis was 1.7 times higher (odds ratio (OR) — 1.7; 95 % confidence interval (CI) — 1.0–2.9); in patients with HCV-infection — 1.8 times higher (OR — 1.8; 95 % CI — 2.6–1.2). The probability of cardiovascular disease in the main group was 2 times higher (OR — 2.3; 95 % CI — 1.0–5.4).Discussion. Tuberculosis, HCV-infection and cardiovascular diseases frequently registered in the structure comorbidity in the main group of patients.Conclusion. According to the results of this study, HIV-infected patients with HCV and tuberculosis co-infection have a higher chance of developing immunological inefficiency of ART.