{"title":"对牛精子进行人工授精的免疫学方法:全面概述","authors":"Prachi Sharma, Mridula Sharma","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72209","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Presently, sorting bovine sperm based on their sex has significant potential, as using sexed semen can minimize the production of excess male calves, easing the challenges of bull management. Bull semen contains approximately 50% X chromosome-bearing sperm and 50% Y chromosome-bearing sperm. The differences between these sperm types include size, weight, density, swimming speed, electrical surface charges, and protein composition. Sexed semen, which is enriched with either X or Y sperm, enables the production of offspring of a desired sex with 80–90% accuracy. This technology, developed by the USDA and patented as “Beltsville sperm sexing technology,” has been categorized under various subheadings in this review, focusing on immunological sperm sorting, proteomic profiling, biotechnological applications, and bioinformatics analysis. Immunological sperm sorting leverages the distinct proteins on the surface of X- and Y-bearing sperm. Identifying these proteins can enable the development of antibodies specific to X or Y sperm. Proteomic profiling has revealed numerous proteins differentially expressed in X and Y sperm, which could serve as markers for immunological sorting. Despite various studies, consistent success in immunological sperm sexing has been elusive. However, recent advancements in proteomic technology and bioinformatics offer promising avenues for the identification and separation of sex-specific proteins. This review delves into the history, current methods, and future directions of immunological sperm sorting, highlighting the importance of accurate protein identification and the potential of bioinformatics to enhance sperm sexing technologies.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Immunological Approaches for Sexing Bovine Sperm: A Comprehensive Overview\",\"authors\":\"Prachi Sharma, Mridula Sharma\",\"doi\":\"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72209\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Presently, sorting bovine sperm based on their sex has significant potential, as using sexed semen can minimize the production of excess male calves, easing the challenges of bull management. Bull semen contains approximately 50% X chromosome-bearing sperm and 50% Y chromosome-bearing sperm. The differences between these sperm types include size, weight, density, swimming speed, electrical surface charges, and protein composition. Sexed semen, which is enriched with either X or Y sperm, enables the production of offspring of a desired sex with 80–90% accuracy. This technology, developed by the USDA and patented as “Beltsville sperm sexing technology,” has been categorized under various subheadings in this review, focusing on immunological sperm sorting, proteomic profiling, biotechnological applications, and bioinformatics analysis. Immunological sperm sorting leverages the distinct proteins on the surface of X- and Y-bearing sperm. Identifying these proteins can enable the development of antibodies specific to X or Y sperm. Proteomic profiling has revealed numerous proteins differentially expressed in X and Y sperm, which could serve as markers for immunological sorting. Despite various studies, consistent success in immunological sperm sexing has been elusive. However, recent advancements in proteomic technology and bioinformatics offer promising avenues for the identification and separation of sex-specific proteins. This review delves into the history, current methods, and future directions of immunological sperm sorting, highlighting the importance of accurate protein identification and the potential of bioinformatics to enhance sperm sexing technologies.\",\"PeriodicalId\":16985,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports\",\"volume\":\"48 4\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-11\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72209\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72209","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目前,根据性别对牛精子进行分类具有很大的潜力,因为使用性别精液可以最大限度地减少过量雄性犊牛的生产,从而减轻公牛管理方面的挑战。公牛精液中约有 50% 含有 X 染色体的精子和 50% 含有 Y 染色体的精子。这些精子类型之间的差异包括大小、重量、密度、游动速度、表面电荷和蛋白质成分。有性精液富含 X 或 Y 精子,能以 80-90% 的准确率生产出所需性别的后代。这项技术由美国农业部开发,专利名称为 "贝尔茨维尔精子性别化技术",在本综述中被归入不同的小标题下,重点介绍免疫学精子分拣、蛋白质组分析、生物技术应用和生物信息学分析。免疫学精子分拣利用了 X 型和 Y 型精子表面的不同蛋白质。识别这些蛋白质可以开发出针对 X 或 Y 精子的特异性抗体。蛋白质组分析发现了许多在X和Y精子中表达不同的蛋白质,这些蛋白质可作为免疫分选的标记物。尽管进行了各种研究,但免疫学精子性别鉴定一直未能取得成功。不过,蛋白质组学技术和生物信息学的最新进展为鉴定和分离性别特异性蛋白质提供了很好的途径。这篇综述深入探讨了免疫学精子分拣的历史、当前方法和未来方向,强调了准确鉴定蛋白质的重要性以及生物信息学在提高精子性别鉴定技术方面的潜力。
Immunological Approaches for Sexing Bovine Sperm: A Comprehensive Overview
Presently, sorting bovine sperm based on their sex has significant potential, as using sexed semen can minimize the production of excess male calves, easing the challenges of bull management. Bull semen contains approximately 50% X chromosome-bearing sperm and 50% Y chromosome-bearing sperm. The differences between these sperm types include size, weight, density, swimming speed, electrical surface charges, and protein composition. Sexed semen, which is enriched with either X or Y sperm, enables the production of offspring of a desired sex with 80–90% accuracy. This technology, developed by the USDA and patented as “Beltsville sperm sexing technology,” has been categorized under various subheadings in this review, focusing on immunological sperm sorting, proteomic profiling, biotechnological applications, and bioinformatics analysis. Immunological sperm sorting leverages the distinct proteins on the surface of X- and Y-bearing sperm. Identifying these proteins can enable the development of antibodies specific to X or Y sperm. Proteomic profiling has revealed numerous proteins differentially expressed in X and Y sperm, which could serve as markers for immunological sorting. Despite various studies, consistent success in immunological sperm sexing has been elusive. However, recent advancements in proteomic technology and bioinformatics offer promising avenues for the identification and separation of sex-specific proteins. This review delves into the history, current methods, and future directions of immunological sperm sorting, highlighting the importance of accurate protein identification and the potential of bioinformatics to enhance sperm sexing technologies.