犬类行为障碍与肠道微生物组之间的关系以及未来的治疗前景

Animals Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI:10.3390/ani14142048
Paula Kiełbik, O. Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
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摘要

犬的行为障碍已成为狗主人最关心和最具挑战性的问题之一。因此,人们对影响狗的情绪和健康的各种因素的知识需求很大。其中,肠脑轴似乎尤其令人感兴趣,特别是因为在许多情况下,标准治疗或行为疗法并不能充分改善动物的行为。因此,面对这一挑战,寻找新的治疗方法是非常必要的。现有数据表明,哺乳动物的肠道微生物组、免疫系统和神经系统不断交流,影响着动物的生理和行为。本综述旨在总结和讨论狗的精神障碍与肠道微生物群之间关系的最重要科学证据,同时介绍人类和啮齿动物模型的可比结果。其中包括对肠道-大脑轴关键机制的全面概述。其中特别提到了对动物行为至关重要的神经递质(受肠道微生物群调节)以及主要的微生物代谢物--短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)。本综述总结了肠道菌群失调与机体内炎症过程以及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴激活有关的数据。所有上述机制都与动物的大脑和/或行为变化密切相关。此外,根据人类和实验动物的研究,精神障碍患者的肠道微生物群似乎发生了改变;因此,人们采取了各种策略来控制肠道微生物群。这也是指粪便微生物组移植(FMT)方法,其基础是将供体的粪便转移到受体的胃肠道中,以调节肠道微生物群。本综述将讨论粪便微生物组移植对动物行为紊乱可能产生的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Relationship between Canine Behavioral Disorders and Gut Microbiome and Future Therapeutic Perspectives
Canine behavioral disorders have become one of the most common concerns and challenging issues among dog owners. Thus, there is a great demand for knowledge about various factors affecting dogs’ emotions and well-being. Among them, the gut–brain axis seems to be particularly interesting, especially since in many instances the standard treatment or behavioral therapies insufficiently improve animal behavior. Therefore, to face this challenge, the search for novel therapeutic methods is highly required. Existing data show that mammals’ gut microbiome, immune system, and nervous system are in continuous communication and influence animal physiology and behavior. This review aimed to summarize and discuss the most important scientific evidence on the relationship between mental disorders and gut microbiota in dogs, simultaneously presenting comparable outcomes in humans and rodent models. A comprehensive overview of crucial mechanisms of the gut–brain axis is included. This refers especially to the neurotransmitters crucial for animal behavior, which are regulated by the gut microbiome, and to the main microbial metabolites—short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This review presents summarized data on gut dysbiosis in relation to the inflammation process within the organism, as well as the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. All of the above mechanisms are presented in this review in strict correlation with brain and/or behavioral changes in the animal. Additionally, according to human and laboratory animal studies, the gut microbiome appears to be altered in individuals with mental disorders; thus, various strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota are implemented. This refers also to the fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) method, based on transferring the fecal matter from a donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a recipient in order to modulate the gut microbiota. In this review, the possible effects of the FMT procedure on animal behavioral disorders are discussed.
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