Nina L. H. Kinney, Charles A. Hepburn, Matthew I Gibson, Daniel Ballesteros, T. Whale
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引用次数: 0
摘要
摘要植物花粉产生的冰核大分子(INMs)可在高温下形成冰核,并可能在与天气和气候有关的云冰川中发挥重要作用。INMs 还被证明可用于哺乳动物细胞和组织模型的冷冻保存。一些 INMs 的高冰核(IN)活性表明了其潜在的生物功能,或者是耐冷冻性,或者是生物沉淀介导的扩散。在这里,我们利用迄今为止最大规模的花粉冰核化研究表明,系统发育近似性、精原细胞细分、主要生长生物群落、授粉季节、主要授粉方式、干燥耐受性和原生生长海拔并不能解释从不同植物物种花粉中释放的 INM 的 IN 活性。研究结果表明,植物产生这些大分子的目的与冰核化无关,只是偶然具有冰核化能力。这种能力可能是某些物种为了特定的生物目的而产生的,从而产生了特殊的冰核。花粉 INM 可能比以前认为的更活跃、更广泛和更多样。
High interspecific variability in ice nucleation activity suggests pollen ice nucleators are incidental
Abstract. Ice-nucleating macromolecules (INMs) produced by plant pollen can nucleate ice at warm temperatures and may play an important role in weather- and climate-relevant cloud glaciation. INMs have also proved useful for mammalian cell and tissue model cryopreservation. The high ice nucleation (IN) activity of some INMs indicates an underlying biological function, either freezing tolerance or bioprecipitation-mediated dispersal. Here, using the largest study of pollen ice nucleation to date, we show that phylogenetic proximity, spermatophyte subdivision, primary growth biome, pollination season, primary pollination method, desiccation tolerance and native growth elevation do not account for the IN activity of INMs released from different plant species' pollen. The results suggest that these macromolecules are produced by plants for a purpose unrelated to ice nucleation and have an incidental ability to nucleate ice. This ability may have been adapted by some species for specific biological purposes, producing exceptional ice nucleators. Pollen INMs may be more active, widespread in nature, and diverse than previously thought.