基于地理信息系统的传统村落时空分布特征及可达性研究--以山东省为例

Land Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI:10.3390/land13071049
Bingliang Li, Yuefeng Lu, Yudi Li, Huaiying Zuo, Ziqi Ding
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引用次数: 0

摘要

传统聚落是中国文化遗产不可或缺的重要组成部分,同时也是增强农村经济和社会活力的重要资产。在中国乡村振兴和山东省积极推进文化旅游融合发展的大背景下,深入探讨山东省传统村落的时空演进与联系,对于传统村落的保护和前瞻性演进至关重要。本研究以山东省 557 个传统村落为支点,运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术对其时空变迁模式和空间特征进行了研究。此外,还采用了一套分析工具,包括可达性评估指标、普通最小二乘法(OLS)线性回归和地理加权回归(GWR)模型,以评估区域内传统村落的可达性水平和影响因素。分析结果如下(1) 从时间上看,山东省约 80% 的传统村落始建于明清时期,在时空上呈现出 "由西南向东北 "的迁徙模式;在地理位置上,这些传统村落具有明显的集聚特征,主要分布在济南市与淄博市、枣庄市山亭区、烟台市招远市和威海市荣成市的交汇处,形成了连贯的 "四核 "空间分布格局。(2)从村落选址的标准来看,山东的传统村落主要分布在地势平坦、靠近水体的地区。(3) 总体而言,山东传统村落的可达性相对较高,平均可达性为 199.92 分钟,范围在 175 分钟之间,约 57.99%的村落在 100 至 200 分钟的可达性范围内,表明可达性从中心区向外围呈系统性下降趋势。(4)影响山东传统村落可达性的关键因素主要是海拔、坡度和路网密度,其中海拔和坡度与可达性呈负相关,而路网密度与可达性呈正相关,靠近水体对可达性的影响相对较小。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Research on the Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics and Accessibility of Traditional Villages Based on Geographic Information Systems—A Case Study of Shandong Province, China
The traditional settlements are of paramount significance as indispensable elements of China’s cultural heritage, simultaneously functioning as prime assets for the enhancement of rural economic and social dynamics. Nestled within the comprehensive framework of China’s rural revitalization endeavor and Shandong Province’s proactive initiatives toward the amalgamation of cultural and tourism sectors, a meticulous exploration of the spatiotemporal evolution and connectivity of traditional villages in Shandong Province is indispensable for their preservation and forward-thinking evolution. For this study, 557 traditional villages across Shandong Province are identified as pivotal points, with the application of geographic information system (GIS) techniques to scrutinize their spatiotemporal transformation patterns and spatial characteristics. Additionally, a suite of analytical instruments, encompassing metrics for accessibility assessment, ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression, and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, are deployed to evaluate the accessibility levels and influential factors shaping traditional villages within the region. The analytical outcomes reveal the following: (1) Chronologically, approximately 80% of the traditional villages in the province of Shandong were established during the Ming and Qing epochs, and they demonstrate a migratory pattern that is spatially and temporally oriented from “southwest to northeast”; geographically, these traditional villages are characterized by pronounced clustering, predominantly situated at the confluence of Jinan and Zibo Cities, the Shantou District of Zaozhuang City, Zhaoyuan City of Yantai City, and Rongcheng City of Weihai City, forming a coherent “four-core” spatial distribution configuration. (2) Considering the criteria for village location, traditional villages in Shandong are predominantly found in areas with a predominantly flat landscape and a certain proximity to water bodies. (3) On the whole, the accessibility of traditional villages in Shandong is relatively high, with the average accessibility assessed at 199.92 min, a range spanning from 175 min, and approximately 57.99% of the villages falling within the 100 to 200 min accessibility bracket, indicating a systematic decline in accessibility from the central areas to the periphery. (4) The pivotal factors influencing the accessibility of traditional villages in Shandong are primarily altitude, slope, and road network density, with altitude and slope showing a negative correlation with accessibility, whereas road network density exhibits a positive correlation, and the proximity to water bodies has a relatively minor impact on accessibility.
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