研究影响 DNA 甲基化和表观遗传时钟的营养策略:临床试验系统回顾

Isabel Garcia-Garcia, Giorgia Grisotto, Adrian Heini, Simone Gibertoni, Sébastien Nusslé, Semira Gonseth Nusslé, Olga Donica
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引用次数: 0

摘要

营养对我们的健康和长寿有着强大的影响。营养影响我们健康的机制之一是诱导表观遗传修饰,调节衰老的分子机制。观察性研究提供了营养与 DNA 甲基化差异之间关系的证据。然而,这些研究存在局限性,因为它们可能无法准确控制不同营养素之间的相互作用,或营养与其他生活方式行为之间的相互作用。在此,我们系统地回顾了有关营养策略对 DNA 甲基化影响的临床研究。我们考察了在社区居住的成年人中进行的临床研究,这些研究测试了营养干预对 i) DNA 整体甲基化及其替代物和 ii) 表观遗传时钟的影响。我们纳入了 21 项干预研究,重点关注健康营养模式、特定食物或营养素的效果,以及多种维生素或多种矿物质补充剂的效果。健康饮食模式的定义是富含蔬菜、水果、全谷物和坚果,并减少添加糖、饱和脂肪和酒精的摄入量,在关于健康饮食模式对甲基化影响的四项研究中,有两项研究表明,健康饮食与较低的表观遗传年龄加速度有关,其中一项研究报告了全球 DNA 甲基化的增加,而另一项研究则发现饮食没有影响。有关特定食物、营养素或营养素混合物对表观遗传学影响的研究很少。就叶酸和多不饱和脂肪酸而言,现有的独立研究得出了相互矛盾的结论。虽然还需要更多的证据才能得出确切的结论,但研究结果表明,健康的饮食模式对 DNA 甲基化有积极的影响。还需要更多来自大型随机对照临床试验的证据来支持健康营养对 DNA 甲基组的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Examining nutrition strategies to influence DNA methylation and epigenetic clocks: a systematic review of clinical trials
Nutrition has powerful impacts on our health and longevity. One of the mechanisms by which nutrition might influence our health is by inducing epigenetic modifications, modulating the molecular mechanisms that regulate aging. Observational studies have provided evidence of a relationship between nutrition and differences in DNA methylation. However, these studies are limited in that they might not provide an accurate control of the interactions between different nutrients, or between nutrition and other lifestyle behaviors. Here we systematically reviewed clinical studies examining the impact of nutrition strategies on DNA methylation. We examined clinical studies in community-dwelling adults testing the effects of nutrition interventions on i) global DNA methylation and its proxies, and ii) epigenetic clocks. We included 21 intervention studies that focused on the effects of healthy nutrition patterns, specific foods or nutrients, as well as the effect of multivitamin or multimineral supplements. In four studies on the methylation effects of healthy dietary patterns, as defined by being rich in vegetables, fruits, whole-grains, and nuts and reduced in the intake of added sugars, saturated fat, and alcohol, two of them suggested that a healthy diet, is associated with lower epigenetic age acceleration, one of them reported increases in global DNA methylation, while another one found no diet effects. Studies examining epigenetic effects of specific foods, nutrients, or mixtures of nutrients were scarce. For both folic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, the available independent studies produced conflicting findings. Although more evidence is still needed to draw firm conclusions, results begin to suggest that healthy dietary patterns have positive effects on DNA methylation. Additional evidence from large randomized-controlled clinical trials is needed to support the effects of healthy nutrition on the DNA methylome.
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