降水梯度上生态系统服务权衡与供需平衡之间的关系:中国中部黄土高原案例研究

Land Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI:10.3390/land13071057
Qiang Feng, Baoling Duan, Xiao Zhang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管生态系统服务(ESs)理论对于指导土地利用规划具有重要意义,但有关生态系统服务的权衡和供需机制的知识仍然缺乏,降水梯度上的权衡大小与供需平衡之间的相关性特征也尚未明确。为了补充这一领域的生态系统服务知识,我们选择了高、中、低降水量地区的 30 个小流域作为研究单元。我们使用生物物理模型和社会经济数据计算了碳封存、土壤保持和水资源产量的供需关系。利用冗余分析和回归分析研究了生态系统服务的权衡、供需动态及其相关性特征。研究结果如下(1)三种生态系统的供给与供需平衡、固碳与产水量之间的权衡、水土保持与产水量之间的权衡从高淀积区到中淀积区再到低淀积区呈下降趋势。(2)影响高、中、低吸水区固碳供需平衡的主要因素是人口密度和土壤有机质含量,条件效应的大小均大于 53%。影响三个降水区域土壤保持供需平衡的主导因素是坡度,条件效应大于 40%。三个降水区水量供需平衡最显著的决定因素是草原面积、森林面积和降水量,条件效应均大于 22%。(3)高、中、低降水量地区碳汇与水量权衡最显著的决定因素是森林、土壤有机质含量和人口密度,条件效应均大于 45%;高、中、低降水量地区影响水土保持与水量权衡的主要因素是草地和坡度,条件效应均大于 24%。(4)水土保持供需平衡与权衡规模之间的关系多为二次函数关系,其次为单调非线性响应关系,线性响应关系相对较少。本研究揭示了不同降水程度地区影响生态系统服务供需平衡与权衡的因素及其相关性特征,为冲突与供需失衡背景下的生态系统服务同步调控提供了新思路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Relationship between Ecosystem-Services Trade-Offs and Supply–Demand Balance along a Precipitation Gradient: A Case Study in the Central Loess Plateau of China
Although the theory of ecosystem services (ESs) is important for guiding land-use planning, knowledge of ESs trade-offs and supply–demand mechanisms is still lacking, and the characteristics of the correlation between the size of trade-offs and the balance between supply and demand along the precipitation gradient have not yet been clarified. In order to supplement this area of knowledge of ESs, we selected 30 small watersheds in high-, medium- and low-precipitation areas as study units. A biophysical model and socio-economic data were used to calculate supply and demand for carbon sequestration, soil conservation and water yield. Redundancy analysis and regression analysis were used to study the ESs trade-offs, the supply–demand dynamics, and the characteristics of their correlation. The results were as follows. (1) The supply and balance between supply and demand of the three ESs, the trade-off between carbon sequestration and water yield and the trade-off between soil conservation and water yield trended downwards from the high-precipitation area to the medium-precipitation area to the low-precipitation area. (2) The primary factors influencing balance between supply and demand with regard to carbon sequestration in high-, medium- and low-precipitation areas were population density and soil organic-matter content, and the size of the conditional effects were greater than 53%. The dominant factor affecting the balance between supply and demand with regard to soil conservation in the three precipitation areas was slope gradient, and the conditional effect was greater than 40%. The most significant determinants of balance between supply and demand with regard to water yield in the three precipitation areas were grassland area, forest area and precipitation, and the conditional effects were greater than 22%. (3) The most significant determinants of the trade-off between carbon sequestration and water yield in high-, medium- and low-precipitation areas were forest, soil organic-matter content and population density, and the conditional effects were all greater than 45%; the primary factors affecting the trade-off between soil conservation and water yield in high-, medium- and low-precipitation areas were grassland and slope gradient, and the conditional effects were all greater than 24%. (4) The relationship between the balance between supply and demand and trade-off size often followed a quadratic function; the next-most-common relationship was a monotonous nonlinear response, and a linear response relationship was relatively rare. This study revealed the factors influencing balance between supply and demand and trade-offs with regard to ESs and the characteristics of their correlations in areas with different degrees of precipitation, which provided a new idea for the synchronous regulation of ESs in the context of conflicts and supply–demand imbalance.
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