锌治疗普通感冒

Prescriber Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI:10.1002/psb.722
Meenu Singh, R. Das
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Inadequate treatment masking and reduced bioavailability of zinc from some formulations have been cited as influencing results.\n\n\nOBJECTIVES\nTo assess the effect of zinc on common cold symptoms.\n\n\nSEARCH STRATEGY\nWe searched CENTRAL (2010, Issue 2) which contains the Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to May week 3, 2010) and EMBASE (1974 to June 2010).\n\n\nSELECTION CRITERIA\nRandomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials using zinc for at least five consecutive days to treat, or for at least five months to prevent the common cold.\n\n\nDATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS\nTwo review authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality.\n\n\nMAIN RESULTS\nWe included 13 therapeutic trials (966 participants) and two preventive trials (394 participants). 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引用次数: 137

摘要

背景普通感冒是最常见的疾病之一,也是导致看医生、旷课和旷工的主要原因。自 1984 年以来,有关锌对普通感冒症状作用的试验结果不一。我们检索了 CENTRAL(2010 年第 2 期)(其中包含急性呼吸道感染组的专门登记册)、MEDLINE(1966 年至 2010 年 5 月第 3 周)和 EMBASE(1974 年至 2010 年 6 月)。选择标准随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验,至少连续五天使用锌治疗普通感冒,或至少连续五个月使用锌预防普通感冒。数据收集与分析两位综述作者独立提取数据并评估试验质量。主要结果我们纳入了13项治疗试验(966名参与者)和2项预防试验(394名参与者)。摄入锌与普通感冒症状持续时间(标准化平均差(SMD)-0.97;95% 置信区间(CI)-1.56 至 -0.38)(P = 0.001)和严重程度(SMD -0.39;95% CI -0.77 至 -0.02)(P = 0.04)的显著降低有关。在治疗七天后出现症状的参与者比例方面,锌组与对照组之间存在明显差异(OR 0.45;95% CI 0.2 至 1.00)(P = 0.05)。锌组的感冒发病率比(IRR)(IRR 0.64;95% CI 0.47 至 0.88)(P = 0.006)、缺课率(P = 0.0003)和抗生素处方率(P < 0.00001)均低于对照组。锌组的总体不良反应(OR 1.59;95% CI 0.97 至 2.58)(P = 0.06)、异味(OR 2.64;95% CI 1.91 至 3.64)(P < 0.00001)和恶心(OR 2.15;95% CI 1.44 至 3.23)(P = 0.002)更高。如果连续补充至少五个月的锌,可降低儿童感冒发病率、缺勤率和抗生素处方量。锌锭有可能产生副作用。有鉴于此,以及研究人群、剂量、配方和治疗时间的不同,很难就应使用的剂量、配方和时间提出明确的建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Zinc for the common cold
BACKGROUND The common cold is one of the most widespread illnesses and is a leading cause of visits to the doctor and absenteeism from school and work. Trials conducted since 1984 investigating the role of zinc for the common cold symptoms have had mixed results. Inadequate treatment masking and reduced bioavailability of zinc from some formulations have been cited as influencing results. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of zinc on common cold symptoms. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched CENTRAL (2010, Issue 2) which contains the Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to May week 3, 2010) and EMBASE (1974 to June 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials using zinc for at least five consecutive days to treat, or for at least five months to prevent the common cold. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 therapeutic trials (966 participants) and two preventive trials (394 participants). Intake of zinc is associated with a significant reduction in the duration (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.56 to -0.38) (P = 0.001), and severity of common cold symptoms (SMD -0.39; 95% CI -0.77 to -0.02) (P = 0.04). There was a significant difference between the zinc and control group for the proportion of participants symptomatic after seven days of treatment (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.00) (P = 0.05). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of developing a cold (IRR 0.64; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.88) (P = 0.006), school absence (P = 0.0003) and prescription of antibiotics (P < 0.00001) was lower in the zinc group. Overall adverse events (OR 1.59; 95% CI 0.97 to 2.58) (P = 0.06), bad taste (OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.91 to 3.64) (P < 0.00001) and nausea (OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.44 to 3.23) (P = 0.002) were higher in the zinc group. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Zinc administered within 24 hours of onset of symptoms reduces the duration and severity of the common cold in healthy people. When supplemented for at least five months, it reduces cold incidence, school absenteeism and prescription of antibiotics in children. There is potential for zinc lozenges to produce side effects. In view of this and the differences in study populations, dosages, formulations and duration of treatment, it is difficult to make firm recommendations about the dose, formulation and duration that should be used.
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