高盐摄入量和艾滋病毒感染对盐敏感性高血压患者内皮糖萼脱落的影响

S. Masenga, Situmbeko Liweleya, Annet Kirabo
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摘要

内皮糖萼与各种生理和病理生理事件密切相关。内皮糖萼的显著改变是心血管疾病发病的早期过程。高膳食盐和艾滋病病毒感染会破坏内皮糖萼,导致内皮功能障碍,增加患盐敏感性高血压和心血管疾病的风险。艾滋病病毒感染和膳食盐这两个因素是高血压和心血管疾病的重要独立预测因素,而且往往会协同作用,加剧和加速疾病的发病。盐敏感性高血压在艾滋病毒感染者中更为常见,与心血管疾病、中风、心脏病发作甚至死亡的风险相关。然而,目前还缺乏将内皮糖萼损伤与饮食盐分和艾滋病毒感染联系起来的内在机制。然而,HIV 感染/治疗和膳食盐都与内皮细胞糖萼损伤和盐敏感性高血压的发生密切相关。此外,全球大多数人的食盐摄入量都超过了建议摄入量,尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,HIV 给人们带来的负担格外沉重。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了高盐和内皮细胞糖萼脱落在盐敏感性高血压发病机制中缺失的联系。我们还进一步阐述了艾滋病病毒感染和治疗在改变内皮糖萼完整性从而导致高血压和心血管疾病发展方面所起的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
High salt intake and HIV infection on endothelial glycocalyx shedding in salt-sensitive hypertension
The endothelial glycocalyx is closely associated with various physiological and pathophysiological events. Significant modification of the endothelial glycocalyx is an early process in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. High dietary salt and HIV infection damages the endothelial glycocalyx causing endothelial dysfunction and increasing the risk for salt-sensitive hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The two factors, HIV infection and dietary salt are critical independent predictors of hypertension and cardiovascular disease and often synergize to exacerbate and accelerate disease pathogenesis. Salt-sensitive hypertension is more common among people living with HIV and is associated with risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, heart attack and even death. However, the underlying mechanisms linking endothelial glycocalyx damage to dietary salt and HIV infection are lacking. Yet, both HIV infection/treatment and dietary salt are closely linked to endothelial glycocalyx damage and development of salt-sensitive hypertension. Moreover, the majority of individuals globally, consume more salt than is recommended and the burden of HIV especially in sub-Sahara Africa is disproportionately high. In this review, we have discussed the missing link between high salt and endothelial glycocalyx shedding in the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension. We have further elaborated the role played by HIV infection and treatment in modifying endothelial glycocalyx integrity to contribute to the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
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