婴儿肠道微生物群:为肥胖症的早期发病埋下伏笔

Yvonne Vallès, Muhammad Arshad, Mamoun Abdalbaqi, Claire K. Inman, Amar Ahmad, Nizar Drou, Kristin C. Gunsalus, Raghib Ali, Muna Tahlak, A. Abdulle
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摘要

在过去的三十年里,全球范围内饮食和生活方式的改变导致了全球成人和儿童肥胖症发病率的上升。众所周知,肥胖症受遗传、环境和生活方式等因素的影响很大,其特点是低度慢性炎症,会导致糖尿病和心血管疾病等其他代谢性疾病的发生。最近,肠道微生物组也被认为是肥胖的诱因之一。由于已观察到肥胖者和正常体重者的微生物组存在差异,我们着手确定婴儿是否在早期就携带致肥胖微生物组,以及母亲的孕前状态(肥胖或正常体重)是否与婴儿的微生物组组成相关。我们使用霰弹枪测序技术分析了肥胖母亲(23 人,104 个样本)和正常体重母亲(23 人,99 个样本)所生婴儿在出生后第一年内的粪便样本。我们发现,婴儿微生物组在分类学和功能水平上的多样性受到时间的显著影响(方差分析 p < 0.001),但不受母亲孕前状态的影响。总体而言,没有观察到分类群或功能的确定性继承。然而,研究发现,肥胖母亲所生的婴儿在六个月大时,杆菌群/类杆菌群比率明显较高(p = 0.02),六个月大时,肥胖生物标志物 Akkermansia municiphila 和 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 明显减少(p < 0.01),而在一周大时,参与瘦素生成的 UDP-N- 乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺生物合成 II(p = 0.02)等通路明显富集,这表明可能存在某些潜在机制,决定了致肥胖微生物群的早期发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The infants’ gut microbiome: setting the stage for the early onset of obesity
In the past three decades, dietary and lifestyle changes worldwide have resulted in a global increase in the prevalence of obesity in both adults and children. Known to be highly influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors, obesity is characterized by a low-grade chronic inflammation that contributes to the development of other metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Recently, the gut microbiome has been added as a cause/contributor to the development of obesity. As differences in the microbiome between obese and normoweight individuals have been observed, we set out to determine whether infants harbor an obesogenic microbiome early on and whether the pre-pregnancy status of the mother (obese or normoweight) is correlated to their infant’s microbiome composition. Using shotgun sequencing, we analyzed stool samples throughout the first year of life from infants born to obese (n = 23 participants, m = 104 samples) and normoweight (n = 23 participants, m = 99 samples) mothers. We found that the infants’ microbiome diversity at taxonomic and functional levels was significantly influenced by time (ANOVA p < 0.001) but not by the mother’s pre-pregnancy status. Overall, no deterministic succession of taxa or functions was observed. However, infants born to obese mothers were found to have a significantly higher Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio (p = 0.02) at six months, were significantly depleted from six months old of the well-established obesity biomarkers Akkermansia municiphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p < 0.01), and were at one week old, significantly enriched in pathways such as the UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis II (p = 0.02) involved in leptin production, suggesting perhaps that there may exist some underlying mechanisms that dictate the development of an obesogenic microbiota early on.
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