Incidental diagnosis of bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms: a case report and comprehensive literature review

Aneurysms are dilatations of arteries, with abdominal aortic ectasias (AAE) considered precursors to abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Iliac artery aneurysms (IAAs), often accompanying AAA, present a serious risk, particularly due to rupture. Here, the authors present a case highlighting the importance of recognizing and managing isolated bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms (CIAAs). A 66-year-old male presented following a road traffic accident (RTA) with ankle and leg pain. Examination revealed tenderness in the leg, mild right flank tenderness, and a history of mild pelvic pain. Biochemical studies showed deranged glucose and lipid levels. Imaging revealed large CIAAs, prompting surgical intervention. The patient’s fracture was also managed accordingly. CIAAs are rare but serious, typically occurring in elderly males with risk factors including advanced age, male sex, smoking, and hypertension, while diabetes and hyperlipidemia may exert protective effects. While often asymptomatic, they can lead to complications such as thrombosis or rupture. Diagnosis relies on imaging, and intervention is recommended for larger or symptomatic aneurysms. It’s crucial to consider CIAAs in high-risk individuals and recognize the significance of early detection and intervention to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. Prompt management, either through open surgical repair or endovascular options, is crucial for improving patient outcomes.