Topical review: The role of psychologists in healthcare transition

Objective

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with chronic medical conditions often face significant challenges while transitioning from pediatric to adult healthcare (healthcare transition, HCT). Although some guidelines exist on how to facilitate this process, the specific role of psychologists in promoting successful HCT is not clearly defined. In this topical review, we propose a conceptual framework integrating the role of psychology within HCT. We also provide an agenda for behavioral health researchers investigating ways to improve transition services/care for emerging adults.

Method

We first review existing standards of care and HCT guidelines. Using existing literature and the Got Transition model as a theoretical foundation, we developed a conceptual framework to outline the specific roles and recommendations for integrating psychologists in the HCT process, including recommendations for future research in this area.

Results

Limited research has systematically examined the efficacy and effectiveness of HCT services, which vary widely across institutions and populations. Further, existing HCT guidelines/recommendations largely exclude the role of psychologists during this process. There are many opportunities for psychologists to provide essential services as part of an interdisciplinary HCT team and to better understand how to improve these models of care.

Conclusions

Psychologists offer a unique and specialized element essential to fostering effective HCT. These professionals can take a more active role in promoting successful HCT from both clinical and research perspectives.