资源斑块的条件和大小对食菌甲虫的社会互动、繁殖行为和产卵的影响

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Lillian J. Fornof, Clara A. Stahlmann Roeder, Edmund D. Brodie, Vincent A. Formica
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要 资源斑块之间的差异可以构建社会行为的空间模式。个体对异质资源的偏好和要求会导致行为在何处发生以及哪类个体之间相互作用的差异。在这项研究中,我们考察了栖息地斑块的特性是否能预测野生叉尾真菌甲虫(Bolitotherus cornutus)的存在和相互作用。野生叉尾真菌甲虫(Bolitotherus cornutus)将木材腐烂真菌的架状子实体(支架)用作社交场所、求偶和交配地点、产卵地点和食物来源。单根原木上的支架在大小和状态上各不相同,是一种动态资源,因为单个支架在亚群上持续数年后会腐烂。我们发现,支架的大小和状况对玉米螟如何使用支架有很大的影响。雄性和雌性都更常出现在较大、有生命的支架上。相对于个体的总体访问量而言,较大的支架上有更多的社会互动和交配行为。这些资源特性与行为频率之间的关系在生殖和性别间社会互动方面更为密切。活托架也吸引了更多的雌性个体进行产卵,但托架大小对这种行为没有影响。我们的研究结果表明,关键资源的生长和老化动态会影响社会和繁殖行为在时间和空间上的分布,进而影响亚种群的社会结构。这些斑块代表着发生社会行为的基础设施,并可能对社会互动发生的地点、时间和方式产生形成性影响。我们证明,真菌资源的大小和状况可以预测雌雄叉纹真菌甲虫的存在和行为。总体而言,较大、有生命的托架能容纳更多的甲虫,而较大的托架在任何条件下都能容纳更多的社会交往和交配行为。无论大小,雌甲虫都更有可能在有生命的支架上产卵。这项研究展示了老化资源斑块的生态动态如何通过影响个体互动的地点和方式来间接构建社会景观。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The influence of resource patch condition and size on social interactions, reproductive behaviors, and oviposition in a fungivorous beetle

The influence of resource patch condition and size on social interactions, reproductive behaviors, and oviposition in a fungivorous beetle

Abstract

Variation among resource patches can structure spatial patterns of social behavior. Individual preferences and requirements for heterogeneous resources can lead to differences in where behaviors take place and which kinds of individuals interact. In this study we examined whether properties of habitat patches predict presence of and interactions among wild forked fungus beetles (Bolitotherus cornutus). B. cornutus use shelf-like fruiting bodies of wood decaying fungi (brackets) as social arenas, courtship and mating sites, oviposition locations, and food sources. Brackets on a single log vary in size and condition and represent a dynamic resource as individual brackets decay over the years that they persist on a subpopulation. We found that size and condition significantly predicted how a bracket was used by B. cornutus. Both males and females were found more often on larger, living brackets. Larger brackets hosted proportionally more social interactions and mating behaviors relative to the overall visitation by individuals. The relationship between these resource properties and frequencies of behaviors was stronger for reproductive, between-sex social interactions. Live brackets also attracted more oviposition events by females, but bracket size had no effect on this behavior. Our results indicate that the dynamics of growth and aging of a critical resource can impact how social and reproductive behaviors are distributed in time and space, which in turn could affect the social structure of subpopulations.

Significance statement

Species that depend on critical host resources are often faced with a patchy landscape of resource quality. Those patches represent the infrastructure within which social behaviors take place, and can have formative effects on where, when, and how social interactions occur. We demonstrated that the size and condition of a fungal resource predicted male and female forked fungus beetle presence and behavior. Larger, living brackets hosted more beetles overall, while larger brackets in any condition hosted more social interactions and mating behaviors. Female beetles were more likely to lay eggs on living brackets, regardless of size. This study demonstrates how ecological dynamics of aging resource patches can indirectly structure social landscapes by influencing where and how individuals interact.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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