Utilizing a Hybrid Cat-Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Seamless Vertical Handoff in Vanet

In order to enhance spectrum competence for successful data rates, future generation vehicle networks will be able to provide the method for effective data dissemination via diverse radio technologies. Higher mobility networks cause unnecessary handoffs since a vehicle regularly moves between various diverse networks. In this case, a subpar handoff algorithm exacerbates this issue by causing significant packet loss during frequent and erratic handoffs, commonly referred to as ping-pong handoffs. The proposed model Hybrid Cat Swarm optimization–TOPSIS Algorithm (HCSTA) is used to execute the vertical handoffs in urban VANET. Both mobility and network simulator are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. The effectiveness of this work is demonstrated through the combined utilization of mobility and network simulators. Handoff occurrences are affected by the direction of moving vehicles and usage technology. In the Same direction, 150 vehicles experienced 6 handoffs due to longer dwell times, while those in the opposite direction encountered 11 handoffs. In the utility comparison, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) to Wi-Fi transitions face low handoffs compared to DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) to WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), in opposite directions. Utility rates of technologies like Wi-Fi (Wirelesss Fidelity), WiMAX, UMTS, and DSRC vary with speed as high, moderate and low, with WiMAX providing the most consistent performance. The packet delivery rate (0.78) decreases with higher vehicle densities 150 and speeds 85 Kmph due to increased network load and high bandwidth utilization compared to low speed scenarios. The overall network throughput increases from 38.9 to 39.9 Kbps with moderate vehicle densities, with a level noted at 85 and 115 vehicles for the 50–60 km/h speed category, indicating optimal load and moderate bandwidth efficiency.