气象卫星数据在预报中的定量应用:进展与挑战

IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Jun Li, Jing Zheng, Bo Li, Min Min, Yanan Liu, Chian-Yi Liu, Zhenglong Li, W. Paul Menzel, Timothy J. Schmit, John L. Cintineo, Scott Lindstrom, Scott Bachmeier, Yunheng Xue, Yayu Ma, Di Di, Han Lin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

监测和预测高度局部化的短期天气事件(通常从几分钟到几小时不等)对决策者和公众行动非常重要。对这些事件的预报通常依赖于通过监测和推断进行的雷达观测。有了气象卫星先进的高分辨率成像和探测观测,结合雷达、卫星和其他数据就能加强预报,而通过使用机器学习技术,这些数据在预报中的定量应用也得到了推进。这些应用包括监测强风暴在不同阶段(对流前、开始、发展和衰减)的位置、影响范围、强度、水汽、大气不稳定性、降水、物理特性和光学特性,识别风暴类型(风、雪、冰雹等),以及预测风暴的发生和演变。卫星观测可提供有关对流前阶段环境特征的信息,对态势感知和风暴预警非常有用。本文概述了卫星数据在预报中定量应用的最新进展及其面临的挑战,并对未来前景进行了探讨和讨论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Quantitative Applications of Weather Satellite Data for Nowcasting: Progress and Challenges

Monitoring and predicting highly localized weather events over a very short-term period, typically ranging from minutes to a few hours, are very important for decision makers and public action. Nowcasting these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and extrapolation. With advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations from weather satellites, nowcasting can be enhanced by combining radar, satellite, and other data, while quantitative applications of those data for nowcasting are advanced through using machine learning techniques. Those applications include monitoring the location, impact area, intensity, water vapor, atmospheric instability, precipitation, physical properties, and optical properties of the severe storm at different stages (pre-convection, initiation, development, and decaying), identification of storm types (wind, snow, hail, etc.), and predicting the occurrence and evolution of the storm. Satellite observations can provide information on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very useful for situational awareness and storm warning. This paper provides an overview of recent progress on quantitative applications of satellite data in nowcasting and its challenges, and future perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

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来源期刊
Journal of Meteorological Research
Journal of Meteorological Research METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES-
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
6.20%
发文量
54
期刊介绍: Journal of Meteorological Research (previously known as Acta Meteorologica Sinica) publishes the latest achievements and developments in the field of atmospheric sciences. Coverage is broad, including topics such as pure and applied meteorology; climatology and climate change; marine meteorology; atmospheric physics and chemistry; cloud physics and weather modification; numerical weather prediction; data assimilation; atmospheric sounding and remote sensing; atmospheric environment and air pollution; radar and satellite meteorology; agricultural and forest meteorology and more.
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